battle

一、真题好句
battle 高中必修500 全国卷频次:10 教材出处:译林版必修B1U2
/ˈbætl/
n.&v. battles 1 battles 0 battling 0 battled 1
战役，战斗 & 奋争，与…作战
高考真题原句提选：
Before long his father was killed in a battle.
Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle.
The battle didn’t last long.
On the morning of May 27, the last battle was fought.
The most important reasons for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had.
Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening.

二、词组｜习惯用语
in battle 在战斗中；在战争中
half the battle 有助于成功的条件；成功一半
battle with 与…战斗
battle against 斗争；与…战斗
battle for 为……斗争
battle it out 打出胜负，奋力争夺
battle field 战场
battle line 战线；主战部队
battle effectiveness n. 战斗力
losing battle 必败之仗
battle cry 呐喊；战斗口号；标语（体育竞赛中）
battle group 战斗群
battle of life 生存的斗争
have the battle 战胜
give battle 挑战
battle royal 混战；激战；激烈的争论
battle of britain 不列颠之战（1940年7至10月英德空军的一系列战斗）；伦敦上空的鹰（电影名称）
pitched battle 激战
fall in battle 阵亡
give the battle v. 认输；打败仗

三、词根记忆

battle
n.
戰役,戰鬥;鬥爭v.戰鬥,鬥爭,搏鬥The pattern of the battery doesn’t matter to the battle against the little brittle cattle.電池的式樣對與脆小牛作戰無關要緊.
n.
戰鬥(batt+le)[bat=beat,表示”打,擊”]

bat·tle / 5bAtl /
noun
1. [C, U] a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people
战役；战斗；搏斗:
the battle of Waterloo
滑铁卢战役
to be killed in battle
阵亡
a gun battle
枪战
⇨ see also pitched battle
2. [C] ~ (with sb) (for sth) a competition, an argument or a struggle between people or groups of people trying to win power or control
较量；争论；斗争:
a legal battle for compensation
要求赔偿的法律斗争
a battle with an insurance company
同一家保险公司的争执
a battle of wits (= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try to win)
智斗
a battle of wills (= when each side is very determined to win)
意志的较量
⇨ note at campaign
3. [C, usually sing.] ~ (against / for sth) a determined effort that sb makes to solve a difficult problem or succeed in a difficult situation
奋斗；斗争:
her long battle against cancer
她同癌症的长期斗争
to fight an uphill battle against prejudice
同偏见作艰苦斗争
a battle for survival
一场生死斗
IDIOMS
▪ the battle lines are ‘drawn
used to say that people or groups have shown which side they intend to support in an argument or contest that is going to begin
战线已经划清(指人或群体已表明打算支持争论或比赛哪一方)
▪ do ‘battle (with sb) (over sth)
to fight or argue with sb
(同某人就某事)进行斗争或辩论
▪ half the ‘battle
the most important or difficult part of achieving sth
(完成某事的)关键；最艰难的阶段
⇨ more at fight v., join v.
verb
~ (with / against sb / sth) (for sth) to try very hard to achieve sth difficult or to deal with sth unpleasant or dangerous
搏斗；奋斗；斗争:
▪ [V] She’s still battling with a knee injury.
她还在同膝部的伤痛作斗争。
Both teams battled hard.
两队拚得很厉害。
The ten leaders are battling for control of the government.
两位领导人在为控制政府而斗争。
I had to battle hard just to stay afloat.
我得用力挣扎才能勉强浮住。
▪ [VN] The ten sides will battle it out in the final next week.
双方将于下周决赛中决一胜负。
(NAmE) He battled cancer for five years.
他同癌症斗争了四年。

battle1 /ˈbætl/ ●●● W2 noun [countable] 1  FIGHT 打仗 a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships, groups of people etc, especially one that is part of a larger war 〔尤指大型战争中的〕战斗，战役
the Battle of Trafalgar
特拉法尔加战役
in battle
Her son was killed in battle.
她儿子在战斗中阵亡。
into battle
a knight riding into battle
策马上战场的一名骑士
battle between
battles between government forces and the rebels
政府军和叛军之间的战斗
a pitched battle (=a long and serious battle) between police and drug gangs
警方和贩毒团伙之间的一场激战
► see thesaurus at war
2  COMPETITION/ARGUMENT 竞争/争论 a situation in which opposing groups or people compete or argue with each other when trying to achieve success or control 较量，竞争，斗争；争论
a long-running legal battle
一场旷日持久的法律争讼
battle for
a battle for custody of their children
子女监护权之争
battle between
a fierce ratings battle between rival TV stations
相互竞争的电视台之间一场激烈的收视率大战
battle with
an ongoing battle with my mother about eating properly
我和母亲有关合理饮食的持续争论
3  CHANGE BAD SITUATION 改变境遇 an attempt to solve a difficult problem or change an unpleasant situation 奋斗，抗争
battle against
a battle against the racism of the school system
一场反对学校种族歧视的斗争
battle with
a long battle with lung cancer
与肺癌的长期抗争
battle for
Scientology has fought long battles for acceptance as a religion.
科学论派为使人们承认它是一种宗教而进行了长期的斗争。
4  be half the battle to be a difficult or important part of what you have to do 是（完成某事）的关键（最艰难阶段）
Just getting an interview is half the battle.
只要得到面试机会就等于成功了一半。
5  a battle of wits a situation in which opposing sides try to win by using their intelligence 智慧的较量，斗智
A good mystery story is a battle of wits between author and reader.
好的悬疑故事是作者和读者之间智慧的较量。
6  battle of wills a situation in which opposing sides refuse to change what they want, in the hope that the other side will decide to change first 意志的较量
a battle of wills between teacher and student
师生之间意志的较量
7  do battle (with somebody) to argue with someone or fight against someone （与某人）争论[斗争] She walked into the room with her eyes blazing, ready to do battle.
她眼里燃着怒火走进房间，一副随时准备吵架的样子。
8  fight your own battles to argue with someone, or compete in a difficult situation, without having help from other people – used to show approval 独力应付挑战〔含褒义〕
It’s all right, Mum. I can fight my own battles.
没关系，妈妈，我自己能应付。
9. the battle of the sexes the relationship between men and women when it is considered as a fight for power 两性的较量〔指争夺权力〕
10. the battle of the bulge the act of trying to lose weight – used humorously 反肥战，减肥之战〔幽默用法〕
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: an attempt to solve a difficult problem or change an unpleasant situation 奋斗，抗争
Related topics: Military
battle2 ●○○ verb
1  [intransitive, transitive] to try very hard to achieve something that is difficult or dangerous （与…）斗争，（与…）搏斗
2  battle it out to keep fighting or opposing each other until one person or team wins 决一胜负
3. [intransitive] literary to take part in a fight or war 参战，作战
Origin battle1 (1200-1300) Old French bataille, from Late Latin battalia “fighting”, from Latin battuere “to hit”

battle ★★★★☆
1.N-VAR 可变名词战役；战斗 A battle is a violent fight between groups of people, especially one between military forces during a war.
…the victory of King William III at the Battle of the Boyne.

国王威廉三世在博因河战役中的胜利

…after a gun battle between police and drug traffickers.

在警察和毒贩子一番枪战之后

…men who die in battle.

在战斗中阵亡的人们

2.N-COUNT 可数名词（为争取成功或控制权的）斗争，冲突 A battle is a conflict in which different people or groups compete in order to achieve success or control.

【搭配模式】：usu with supp
…a renewed political battle over Britain’s attitude to Europe.

围绕英国对欧洲的态度问题展开的新一轮政治斗争

…the eternal battle between good and evil in the world.

世界上正义与邪恶的永恒斗争

…a macho battle for supremacy…

男性为争取支配地位而进行的斗争

He was appalled to discover members of the board fighting damaging personal battles.

他惊恐地发现董事会成员正在进行你死我活的私人争斗。

3.N-COUNT 可数名词（在艰难环境中的）奋争，斗争 You can use battle to refer to someone’s efforts to achieve something in spite of very difficult circumstances.

【搭配模式】：usu sing
…the battle against crime…

打击犯罪的斗争

She has fought a constant battle with her weight…

她一直在竭力控制体重。

Greg lost his brave battle against cancer two years ago.

格雷格在与癌症进行了勇敢的斗争之后于两年前去世。

4.V-RECIP 相互动词与…抗争；与…搏斗；同…作战 To battle with an opposing group means to take part in a fight or contest against them. In American English, you can also say that one group or person is battling another.

【语法信息】：V with/against n

【语法信息】：pl-n V

【语法信息】：V n

【语法信息】：Also pl-n V to-inf
Thousands of people battled with police and several were reportedly wounded…

数千人与警方发生冲突，据报道有数人在冲突中受伤。

The sides must battle again for a quarter-final place on December 16…

双方将在12月16日再次交锋以争夺进入四分之一决赛的席位。

They’re also battling the government to win compensation.

他们也在跟政府交涉以争取补偿。

5.VERB 动词奋战；（与…）搏斗（在英国英语中用battle against something或with something，在美国英语中用battle something） To battle means to try hard to do something in spite of very difficult circumstances. In British English, you battle against something or with something. In American English, you battle something.

【语法信息】：V to-inf

【语法信息】：V with/against/through n

【语法信息】：V n
Doctors battled throughout the night to save her life.

医生们彻夜奋战来挽救她的生命。

…a lone yachtsman returning from his months of battling with the elements…

只身驾驶游艇与恶劣天气搏斗数月后成功归航的人

In Wyoming, firefighters are still battling the two blazes.

在怀俄明州，消防员还在为扑灭这两场大火而奋战。

battler
If anyone can do it, he can. He’s a battler and has a strong character.

只要有人能做到这一点，他就能做到。他是一位斗士，个性坚毅。

6.See also:pitched battle;running battle;
7.PHR-RECIP 相互短语作战；交战；竞争 If one person or group does battle with another, they take part in a battle or contest against them. You can also say that two people or groups do battle .

【搭配模式】：V inflects
…the notorious Montonero guerrilla group who did battle with the army during the dirty war…

曾在那场肮脏的战争中与这支部队交战的臭名昭著的蒙特内罗游击队

This March, a British and an American company will do battle in the High Court over the right to press compact discs.

今年3月，一家英国公司和一家美国公司将会在最高法院就光盘压制权展开争夺。

8.PHRASE 短语成功的一半；成功的重要条件 If you say that something is half the battle, you mean that it is the most important step towards achieving something.

【搭配模式】：usu v-link PHR
Choosing the right type of paint for the job is half the battle.

选对了涂料，这项工作就成功了一半。

9.PHRASE 短语战线已划定；对垒之势已成 If you say that the battle lines are drawn between opposing groups or people, you mean that they are ready to start fighting or arguing, and that it has become clear what the main points of conflict or disagreement will be.

【搭配模式】：V inflects
The battle lines were drawn after the government refused to budge from its final offer.

政府拒绝改变其最后条件之后，双方对立态势趋向明朗。

10.PHRASE 短语作无望成功的尝试 If you are fighting a losing battle, you are trying to achieve something but are not going to be successful.

【搭配模式】：V inflects
The crew fought a losing battle to try to restart the engines.

全体船员努力尝试重新启动发动机，但结果徒劳无功。

…on a day when the sun is fighting a losing battle against the lowering clouds.

那天，太阳慢慢被低垂的云层遮蔽起来。

11.PHR-RECIP 相互短语一决胜负；一决高低 If one group or person battles it out with another, they take part in a fight or contest against each other until one of them wins or a definite result is reached. You can also say that two groups or two people battle it out .

【搭配模式】：V inflects
In the Cup Final, Leeds battled it out with the old enemy, Manchester United…

在足总杯决赛中，利兹联队和宿敌曼彻斯特联队一决胜负。

Barbados could have three new political parties battling it out in the next General Election.

在下一届大选中，巴巴多斯可能有三个新的政党参加角逐。

12.PHRASE 短语虽败犹胜/ 虽胜犹败 If you say that someone has lost the battle ,but won the war, you mean that although they have been defeated in a small conflict they have won a larger, more important one of which it was a part. If you say that someone has won the battle but lost the war, you mean that they have won the small conflict but lost the larger one.

【搭配模式】：Vs and battle inflect
The strikers may have won the battle, but they lost the war.

罢工者们虽胜犹败。

13.PHRASE
短语
考验意志的持久战 A battle of wills is a situation that involves people who try to defeat each other by refusing to change their own aims or demands and hoping that their opponents will weaken first.
The President offered compromises to parliament to defuse the battle of wills over who should wield power.

总统对国会作出让步，以求结束这场旷日持久的权力争斗。

14.PHRASE 短语智慧的较量；斗智 If you refer to a situation as a battle of wits, you mean that it involves people with opposing aims who compete with each other using their intelligence, rather than force.

【搭配模式】：battle inflects
With chess you’re involved in a battle of wits from start to finish.

下国际象棋从头到尾都是在比拼智慧。

1 battle /ˈbætl̟/ noun
plural battles
1
a : a military fight between groups of soldiers, ships, airplanes, etc.战斗；战役
[count] That two-day conflict has become one of the most famous battles in history.
那场持续了两天的战斗已成为史上最著名的战役之一。
The battle continued late into the night.
战斗一直持续到深夜。
the battle of Gettysburg
葛底斯堡战役
[noncount] The men never spoke of the difficulties of battle. [=war] 士兵们绝口不谈战争的艰苦。
Hundreds of dead soldiers lay on the field of battle. [=the battlefield] 数百名将士陈尸疆场。
the brave warriors who died/fell in battle [=while fighting in a war] 在战斗中英勇献身的战士
Thousands of soldiers were willing to go into battle to fight the enemy.
成千上万的士兵决心投入战斗打击敌人。
b [count] : a violent fight in which people use weapons械斗
A police officer was injured in a gun battle that took place last night.
一名警员在昨夜发生的枪战中受了伤。
2
[count] a : a fight between people or groups in which each side tries to win a contest (such as a game or an election) or to gain control of something (such as a company)竞赛；较量；争夺
The divorced couple is now in a fierce custody battle over their son. [=a legal fight about who their son will live with] 这对离婚夫妇现在正在激烈争夺对儿子的监护权。
The company was involved in a legal battle with/against one of its employees.
这家公司与它的一名雇员在打官司。
He has been engaged in a running battle [=a fight or disagreement that continues for a long time] with the government over the amount of money he owes in taxes.
他在所欠税款多少的问题上一直无法与政府达成一致。
— often + for
They are engaged in a battle for the presidency. [=a fight to win an election and become the president] 他们加入到总统的选战当中。
a battle for control of the land
土地控制权的争夺
— often followed by to + verb常接动词不定式
a battle to control the land
土地控制权的争夺
◊ A battle of wits is a contest in which each side tries to win by being smarter or cleverer than the other side.智力竞赛；智斗
In this movie, it’s a battle of wits as the bank robbers try to outsmart the city’s detectives.
在这部影片中，银行劫匪想要智胜城市侦探，双方展开了一场智斗。
◊ A battle of wills is a contest in which each side tries to win by refusing to stop trying.意志的较量
The workers’ strike became a difficult battle of wills between the company and the labor union.
工人罢工演变成公司与工会之间一场艰难的意志较量。
b : a fight between two different or opposite forces斗争
the never-ending battle between/of good and evil
正义与邪恶之间永无休止的斗争
The comedy is a classic treatment of the battle of the sexes. [=the struggle for power between women and men] 这部喜剧是描述男女之间权力争夺的经典之作。
3
[count] : a long struggle to succeed or survive during a difficult situation抗争；拼搏；奋斗
Last year, he lost his 10-year battle with/against AIDS. [=he died of AIDS after being sick with the disease for 10 years] 去年，在与艾滋病抗争了10年之后，他与世长辞了。
Starting her own business has proven to be an uphill battle. [=a very difficult struggle] 开创自己的事业对她来说是一场异常艰苦的奋斗。
◊ If you are involved in a losing battle you are trying to do something with little or no chance of success.毫无希望；徒劳无功
I tried to get him to change his mind, but it was a losing battle. [=he refused to change his mind] 我想方设法让他改变主意，但却是白费口舌。
She tried to stay awake but it was a losing battle.
她努力保持清醒，但却没能做到。
a gardener fighting a losing battle against weeds
白费力气对付杂草的园丁
do battle
: to fight or struggle斗争；战斗
political opponents who have been doing battle [=battling] for years
多年一直争斗的政敌
— usually + with
political opponents who have been doing battle with each other for years
多年一直相互争斗的政敌
soldiers doing battle with the enemy
与敌人战斗的士兵
half the battle
: an important and necessary part of doing or achieving something成功的关键
When you’re opening a new restaurant, good advertising is half the battle.
经营一家新餐馆，好的宣传是成功的关键。
— often used with words like only and just to stress that something is not enough by itself to achieve a desired goal常与only、just等词连用，强调仅靠某物不足以实现预定目标
If you want a career in show business, having talent is only half the battle—you also need to be lucky.
如果你想投身演艺界，天赋仅仅是成功的一半——你还需要有运气。
in the heat of (the) battle
: while fighting in a battle激战中
The soldier became confused in the heat of battle.
这个士兵在激战中乱了阵脚。
— often used figuratively常用作比喻
He apologized to his wife for the angry things he had said to her in the heat of battle. [=while they were arguing] 他为自己在争执中所说的气话向妻子道歉。
join battle
— see join
2 battle /ˈbætl̟/ verb
battles; battled; battling
1
[no object] : to fight with weapons作战；战斗
The army battled for control of the bridge.
军队为取得那座桥的控制权而战。
The battling armies agreed to a truce.
交战双方同意休战。
2
[no object] a : to try or struggle very hard to do something拼搏；奋斗
The team battled [=fought] bravely to win their last game.
这支队伍为赢得最后一场比赛奋力拼搏。
They battled [=struggled] to keep their son out of jail.
他们为让儿子免于牢狱之苦而拼尽了全力。
: to struggle or fight for something为…斗争；争夺
The two families have battled for control of the land for many years.
两个家庭多年来一直在争夺这块土地的控制权。
b : to fight or argue with someone over something争吵；争论
The couple battled fiercely over how to spend their money.
这对夫妇就如何花钱的问题激烈争吵。
3
[+ object] a : to fight, compete, or argue with (someone or something)和…作战；和…斗争
The two teams are set to battle each other for the championship.
两支队伍准备好为冠军而战。
Members of both parties continue to battle the governor over her policies.
两个政党的成员继续就州长的政策与其争论。
b : to try to stop or defeat (something)阻止；打败
Hundreds of firefighters came to help battle the forest fire.
数百名消防队员赶来帮助扑灭林火。
People often need help battling their drug and alcohol problems.
戒除毒瘾和酒瘾时，人们通常需要帮助。
She’s been battling cancer for 10 years.
她与癌症已经抗争10年了。
battling the forces of evil
遏制邪恶势力
battle it out
: to argue or fight打出胜负；决一雌雄；战斗到底
People were battling it out [=fighting it out] over parking spaces.
人们为了停车位而争执不下。
The two sides are now battling it out in the courtroom.
双方在法庭上展开激辩。