against
prep. 反对；逆；违背；倚靠；映衬；防御；相比；相对
against 义务阶段1500 全国卷频次:35
/əˈɡenst, əˈɡeɪnst/
prep.
反对；[行为]违背…，与…相悖；[法律或法规）禁止；逆，防…；抗…；靠着（某物）；和…比赛、打仗、竞争等
高考真题原句提选：
I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week.
Against the flow of new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language.
My husband suggested we give her a computer to play against.
They have a warm, solid shelter against the wind.
二、词组｜习惯用语
up against 面临
go against 不利于；违反；反对
over against 在…对面；正对着；与…相反；与…形成对照
as against 与…相对照；比…
back against 背朝着
三、词根记忆 [12060](090529)
against
prep.
對著,逆;反對;違反;緊靠著;對比I had appetite for inviting the man who bit me despite I had spite against him.我有意邀請咬我的人,盡管我怨恨他.
反對[gain=against(反對)]
preposition
HELP For the special uses of against in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example count against sb is in the phrasal verb section at count.
against 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 count against sb 在词条 count 的短语动词部份。
1. opposing or disagreeing with sb / sth
反对；与…相反；逆；违反:
the fight against terrorism
反对恐怖主义的斗争
We’re playing against the league champions next week.
下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
We were rowing against the current.
我们划船逆流而上。
That’s against the law.
那是违法的。
She was forced to marry against her will.
她被迫违背自己的心愿嫁了人。
Are you for or against the death penalty?
你赞成还是反对死刑？
She is against seeing (= does not want to see) him.
她不想见他。
I’d advise you against doing that.
我劝你别做那事。
2. not to the advantage or favour of sb / sth
对…不利:
The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
Her age is against her.
她的年龄对她不利。
⇨ compare for prep. (7)
3. close to, touching or hitting sb / sth
紧靠；倚；碰；撞:
Put the piano there, against the wall.
把钢琴放在那儿,紧靠着墙。
The rain beat against the windows.
雨点击打着窗户。
4. in order to prevent sth from happening or to reduce the damage caused by sth
以防:
an injection against rabies
狂犬病预防注射
They took precautions against fire.
他们采取了防火措施。
Are we insured against theft?
我们保了盗窃险没有？
5. with sth in the background, as a contrast
以…为背景；衬托:
His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
(figurative) The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.
这爱情故事以内战为背景展开。
6. used when you are comparing ten things
和…相比:
You must weigh the benefits against the cost.
你一定要权衡利益与成本二者的得失。
Check your receipts against the statement.
核对你的收据与结算单是否相符。
What’s the rate of exchange against the dollar?
美元的兑换率是多少？
1
a) used to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something 反对
Every council member voted against the proposal.
每位市政会委员都对该提案投了反对票。
those who are campaigning against the new road
鼓动反对修筑新公路的人
He advised me against travelling.
他建议我不要去旅行。
Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism.
霍华德先生表明反对任何形式的种族主义。
the fight against terrorism
反恐怖主义的斗争
b) used to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone 〔行为〕违背，与…相悖
They got married against her parents’ wishes (=although they knew her parents did not want them to).
他们是违背她父母的意愿结婚的。
She has been kept in the house against her will (=she does not want to stay in the house).
她被人强行关在屋子里。
The use of certain drugs is against the law (=illegal).
施用某些药物是违法的。
It’s against my principles to borrow money (=I do not believe it is right).
向人借钱违背我的原则。
c) used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule 〔法律或法规〕禁止
There ought to be a law against it.
应该有条法律来禁止这种事。
2 used to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc 和…比赛[打仗等] Gambotti was injured in last Saturday’s game against the Lions.
甘博蒂在上周六与雄狮队的比赛中受了伤。
We’ll be competing against the best companies in Europe.
我们要和欧洲一些顶级的公司竞争。
3 used to say who is harmed, threatened, or given a disadvantage 对…造成伤害[威胁，不利] violence against elderly people
对老年人的暴力行为
crimes against humanity
危害人类的罪行
discrimination against women
对妇女的歧视
There had been death threats against prison staff.
有人对监狱管理人员发出了死亡威胁。
Your lack of experience could count against you.
缺乏经验可能对你不利。
The regulations tend to work against smaller companies.
这些法规往往对较小的公司不利。
4 used to say that something touches, hits, or rubs a surface 碰；撞
the sound of the rain drumming against my window
雨点敲打我的窗户的声音
The car skidded and we could hear the crunch of metal against metal.
汽车打滑了，我们听到了金属相碰的哐当声。
5 next to and touching an upright surface, especially for support 倚着，靠着
There was a ladder propped up against the wall.
有一把梯子靠在墙边。
The younger policeman was leaning against the bureau with his arms folded.
那位较年轻的警官两臂交叉，倚靠在办公桌旁。
6 in the opposite direction to the movement or flow of something 逆 OPP with
7 seen with something else behind or as a background 以…为背景；衬托
8 used to show that you are considering particular events in relation to other events that are happening at the same time 在…情况下；在…背景下
9 used to say what you are comparing something with 与…相比
10 used to say who or what you are trying to protect someone or something from 防，抗
11 used to say who is said or shown to have done something wrong 表明[声称]…有错
12 be/come up against somebody/something to have to deal with a difficult opponent or problem 必须面对某人/某事
13 have something against somebody/something to dislike or disapprove of someone or something 不喜欢[不赞成]某人/某事
Origin against (1300-1400) againes “against” ((11-16 centuries)), from again
In addition to the uses shown below, against is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘come up against’, ‘guard against’, and ‘hold against’.
除下列用法外，against还可用于come up against, guard against, hold against等短语动词中。
1.PREP 介词紧靠；倚；碰 If one thing is leaning or pressing against another, it is touching it.
She leaned against him…
她紧靠着他。
On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine.
在一张靠墙的餐桌上有啤酒和葡萄酒。
…the rain beating against the window panes.
雨敲打着窗玻璃
2.PREP 介词反对（计划、政策、制度等） If you are against something such as a plan, policy, or system, you think it is wrong, bad, or stupid.
【搭配模式】：n ADV
Taxes are unpopular — it is understandable that voters are against them…
税收不受欢迎——选民们反对是可以理解的。
Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.
琼极力反对进行药物治疗。
…a march to protest against job losses.
反对失业的游行
Against is also an adverb.
The vote for the suspension of the party was 283 in favour with 29 against.
关于暂时取缔该党的投票结果为283票赞成，29票反对。
3.PREP 介词与…竞争；与…对阵 If you compete against someone in a game, you try to beat them.
The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians…
这次巡回赛将包括和澳大利亚野人队的比赛。
Billy Hardy has pulled out of his second fight against Noel Carroll after a training accident.
一次训练事故之后，比利·哈迪退出了和诺埃尔·卡罗尔的第二次比赛。
4.PREP 介词反对；对抗 If you take action against someone or something, you try to harm them.
Security forces are still using violence against opponents of the government.
安全部队仍然在使用武力镇压反对政府的人。
…an upsurge in racism against immigrants…
对移民的种族歧视的高涨
The demonstration itself was against the Government’s new Community Charge.
游行本身反对的是政府新出台的“人头税”。
5.PREP 介词制止；预防；阻止 If you take action against a possible future event, you try to prevent it.
…the fight against crime…
打击犯罪
They are arguing against hospital closures…
他们据理反对关闭医院。
I must warn you against raising your hopes.
我必须警告你不要期望过高。
6.PREP 介词违背，违抗（愿望、劝告或命令） If you do something against someone’s wishes, advice, or orders, you do not do what they want you to do or tell you to do.
He didn’t want to go against the wishes of the German government…
他不想违抗德国政府的意愿。
He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors.
他不顾医生的劝告自行出院了。
7.PREP 介词防备 If you do something in order to protect yourself against something unpleasant or harmful, you do something which will make its effects on you less serious if it happens.
A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood…
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease.
有人声称葡萄酒有助于预防心脏病。
8.PHRASE 短语不喜欢；对…存有芥蒂 If you have something against someone or something, you dislike them.
【搭配模式】：V inflects
Have you got something against women, Les?…
你对女性存有芥蒂吗，莱斯？
I have nothing against foreigners.
我对外国人并无芥蒂。
9.PREP 介词违反（法律或规则） If something is against the law or against the rules, there is a law or a rule which says that you must not do it.
It is against the law to detain you against your will for any length of time…
无论强制扣押多长时间都属违法。
We thought cheating was against the rules.
我们认为作弊是违反规定的。
10.PREP 介词迎着；逆着 If you are moving against a current, tide, or wind, you are moving in the opposite direction to it.
…swimming upstream against the current…
逆流往上游泳
They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.
他们打算绕着小岛逆潮航行。
11.PREP 介词以…为背景 If something happens or is considered against a particular background of events, it is considered in relation to those events, because those events are relevant to it.
The Pope has sent a message appealing for unity in his homeland, against a background of divisions in the Solidarity movement…
团结运动中各派搞分裂，在此情况下教皇发出号召，呼吁祖国保持团结。
The profits rise was achieved against a backdrop of falling metal prices.
在金属价格下跌的背景下，利润提高了。
12.PREP 介词和…对比；对照 If something is measured or valued against something else, it is measured or valued by comparing it with the other thing.
Our policy has to be judged against a clear test: will it improve the standard of education?…
对我们的政策作出评判必须根据一条明确的准则：它是否会提高教育的水准？
Check the operator’s productivity against agreed targets…
根据既定目标检验操作员的效率。
The US dollar is down against most foreign currencies today.
今天美元对大多数外汇的比价都有所下降。
13.PHRASE 短语与…相对；与…比较 If you discuss a particular set of facts or figures as against another set, you are comparing or contrasting the two sets of facts or figures.
Over 50% of divorced men regretted their divorce, as against 25% of women.
离婚男性中有50%以上后悔离婚，与此相对，女性只有25%。
14.PREP 介词不利于 The odds against something happening are the chances or odds that it will not happen.
【搭配模式】：n PREP
The odds against him surviving are incredible.
他活下来的概率非常小。
Against is also an adverb.
What were the odds against?
不利情况有哪些呢？
15. up against→see: up; against the clock→see: clock;
1
a : in opposition to (someone or something)违反；反对；逆
Everyone was against them. [=everyone opposed them] 所有人都反对他们。
We must continue the struggle for justice and against injustice.
我们必须继续坚持正义，反对非正义。
She voted against the proposal.
她投票反对这项提案。
You’re either for/with me or against me! [=you either support me or oppose me] 你要么支持我，要么反对我。
He spoke against appeasing the enemy.
他发言反对向敌人做出让步。
The U.S. fought against Germany in World Wars I and II. = The U.S. and Germany fought against each other in World Wars I and II.
第一次和第二次世界大战期间，美国与德国作战。
Some people were for the proposal but others were against it.
有人支持这个议案，但也有人反对。
There’s a law against doing that.
法律禁止这样做。
His parents were angry when they learned he had borrowed the car against their wishes. [=he borrowed the car even though they did not want him to] 他的父母得知他违背他们的意愿借了那辆车之后非常生气。
Against my advice, she quit her job. [=she quit her job even though I advised her not to] 她不听我的劝告，辞掉了工作。
He was being held against his will. [=he was being kept in a place by force even though he wanted to leave] 他被强行监禁起来。
b : in competition with (someone or something)与…竞争
two runners racing against each other
两名相互追赶的赛跑选手
It’s the Yankees against [=versus] the Red Sox tonight.
今晚扬基队对阵红袜队。
2
— used to indicate the person or thing that is affected or harmed by something受…影响；受…伤害
He denies the charges that have been made against him.
他否认了对他的各项指控。
The evidence against him is very convincing.
这个对他不利的证据很有说服力。
The war was a crime against humanity.
战争是危害人类的罪行。
Someone has been making threats against her.
有人一直在威胁她。
3
: not agreeing with or allowed by (something, such as a law)违反
You can’t do that. It’s against the law. [=the law does not allow it] 你不能那样做。那是违法的。
Touching the ball with your hands is against the rules.
用手触球是犯规动作。
I won’t do it. It’s against my principles. [=my principles don’t allow it; I believe that it is wrong] 我不会做这事。这违背了我的准则。
They were acting against tradition. [=acting in a way that did not agree with tradition] 他们在以有违传统的方式行事。
4
a : not helping or favoring (someone)对（某人）不利
Everything was/went against them. [=everything that happened was unfavorable to them] 情况对他们不利。
Her appearance is/counts against her. [=her appearance does not help her; people form a bad opinion of her because of her appearance] 她的容貌不讨人喜欢。
b : as a reason for disliking (someone or something)对…有成见
I have nothing against him. [=I don’t dislike him; I have no reason for disliking him] 我对他没有任何成见。
We disagree about many things, but I don’t hold it/that against you. [=I don’t dislike you because of it/that] 我们在很多事情上有分歧，但我不会因此讨厌你。
5
— used to say that one thing is being compared with another同比；和…对比
Profits are up this year against last year. [=profits are higher this year than they were last year] 同比去年，今年的利润有所增长。
The yen rose/fell against the dollar.
日元对美元升值/贬值。
a graph that plots height against weight
身高体重对照图
We will weigh/balance the risk against the possible benefit. [=we will compare the risk with the possible benefit] 我们会权衡风险与可能得到的收益。
6
a : as a defense or protection from (something)抵御；预防；以防
He built a crude hut as a shelter against [=from] the cold.
他搭建了一个简陋的小屋，用来抵御严寒。
injections against flu
流感预防注射剂
b : in preparation for (something)为…做准备；防备
saving against [=for] an uncertain future
为不时之需而储蓄
7
— used to describe hitting or touching something or someone触；碰；倚
I accidentally knocked/hit my head against the shelf.
我不小心把头撞到了架子上。
The waves were beating against [=on] the shore.
海浪拍打着海岸。
She accidentally brushed against him as she walked by.
她从旁边走过时不小心触到了他的身体。
The ladder was leaning against the wall.
梯子斜靠在墙上。
She was resting her head against the side of the chair.
她把头倚在椅子的一侧。
8
: in a direction opposite to the movement of (something)逆向；与…相反方向
They were sailing against the wind.
他们逆风航行。
swimming against the current/tide
逆流游泳
9
: with the background of (something)在…的衬托下；以…为背景
The tree looked beautiful when viewed against the dark sky.
那棵树在黑暗的天空的映衬下显得很美。
Her colorful coat stood out against the dull colors of the room.
她鲜艳的外套在这个颜色晦暗的房间里格外显眼。
10
: as a charge on (something)作为（某物的）应付款项
The purchase was charged against [=to] her account. [=the amount of money needed for the purchase was added to the amount owed in her account] 这笔购物款记在了她的账上。
