across

一、真题好句
across 义务阶段1500 全国卷频次:44
/əˈkrɔs/
prep.
横过，穿过，在…各处，遍及
高考真题原句提选：
From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.
Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months.

二、习惯用语

across the board 全面地；包括一切地；以三等分的钱数赌同一匹马赢得前三名
across from 在…对面
go across 穿过，横过；走过
back across 后背宽

三、词义辨析

prep. (介词)
across, along
这两个词均可表示“方向”。across指沿着与其宾语所指事物交叉的方向,意思是“横过,横越”; along指沿着与其宾语所指事物平行的方向,尤指沿着细长或狭窄的物体,如走廊、公路等。
across, beyond
这两个词都可表示方位,意指“在…的另一边”。其区别在于:across指“在…的对面”或“在…的另一边”; 而beyond是指“在…较远的一边”。
across, over
这两个介词都可表示“在…另一侧”,有时可以互换。across表示从某一平面的一边至另一边; over表示从某障碍物的上面跨越过至另一侧。例如:
When I saw him, he was climbing over the fence.我看到他时,他正在爬越栅栏。
I helped the old lady across the road.我扶着老太太过了马路。
across, through
这两个介词均可用于“从一边到另一边的动作”。其区别是：
across表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的; through表示动作是在三维空间进行的,四面八方都有东西。
下面两个句子的意思不同:
河上有座桥。
There is a bridge across the river.
(桥横跨河上)
There is a bridge over the river.
(桥高出水面)
come across, drop across, fall across, run across
这四个短语的共同意思是“偶然遇到,碰到”。其区别是：
1.fall across的对象只能是人,不能是事物; 而come across, drop across和run across的对象可以是人,也可以是事物; run across的对象是事物时,只指令人不快的事物。
2.fall across不可用于被动结构。
cut across, cut through
这两个短语都指“抄近路走过”，cut across指从表面通过，其宾语一般比较宽广；而cut through则表示从物体内部穿过，具有快速穿越的意思。
adv. (副词)
across, cross
across与cross形近义同,但词性不同,前者用作介词或副词,表示一个穿越动作时要与一个实义动词连用; 后者用作动词,可单独表示穿越动作。
get across to,get through to
这两个短语都有“使…理解”之意，其区别在于get across to的宾语为一群人，而get through to的宾语为某个人。
across，along，over，through
这些前置词均有“横过、穿过”之意。
across指“从……的一边到另一边”，强调横过，多与动态动词连用。
along指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态，有时也与静态动词连用。
over常和动态动词连用，指“从……上面越过”或“横越”；表静态时，指“在彼处”。
through侧重从一端穿到另一端。
across，through，cross
都可表示“横过”或“穿过”
across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念。
through则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。
crossacross和cross 在拼写上仅差一字之微，故很易混淆。它们的区别在于词性和使用场合有所不同。across是介词；cross是动词。

across / E5krCs; NAmE E5krC:s /
adverb
HELP For the special uses of across in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example come across is in the phrasal verb section at come.
across 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 come across 在词条 come 的短语动词部份。
1. from one side to the other side
从一边到另一边；横过；宽:
It’s too wide. We can’t swim across.
这太宽了,我们游不过去。
The yard measures about 50 feet across.
庭院宽约 50 英尺。
2. in a particular direction towards or at sb / sth
从…的一边向…:
When my name was called, he looked across at me.
当叫到我名字的时候,他从那边朝我看过来。
3. across from opposite
在对面；在对过:
There’s a school just across from our house.
有一所学校就在我们房子对面。
4. (of an answer in a crossword 纵横字谜谜底) written from side to side
横写的:
I can’t do 3 across.
我猜不出第 3 格横写的谜底。
preposition
1. from one side to the other side of sth
从…一边到另一边；横过:
He walked across the field.
他走过田地。
I drew a line across the page.
我在这一页上画了一条横线。
A grin spread across her face.
她粲然一笑。
Where’s the nearest bridge across the river?
过河最近的桥在哪儿？
2. on the other side of sth
在…对面；在…对过:
There’s a bank right across the street.
街对面就有一家银行。
3. on or over a part of the body
在(身体某部位)上:
He hit him across the face.
他打了他的脸。
It’s too tight across the back.
背部太紧。
4. in every part of a place, group of people, etc.
在…各处；遍及
SYN throughout :
Her family is scattered across the country.
她家中的人散居全国各地。
This view is common across all sections of the community.
该社区所有阶层的人普遍持有这种看法。

across /əˈkrɒs $ əˈkrɒːs/ ●●● S1 W1 adverb , preposition
1  from one side of something to the other 从一边到另一边；穿过，越过
the first flight across the Atlantic
跨越大西洋的首次飞行
They ran straight across the road (=without stopping).
他们径直跑过了马路。
We’ll have to swim across.
我们得游过去。
We’d got halfway across before Philip realized he’d left his money at home.
我们走到半路，菲利普才意识到他把钱忘在家里了。
We gazed across the valley.
我们向山谷另一边凝望。
2  towards someone or something on the other side of an area 朝，向〔对面〕
There’s Brendan. Why don’t you go across and say hello?
那是布伦丹，你为什么不去打个招呼呢？
across to/at
The referee looked across at his linesman before awarding the penalty.
裁判先朝巡边员看了一眼，然后判罚点球。
He walked across to where I was sitting.
他朝我坐的地方走过来。
3  used to say that something exists or reaches from one side of an area to the other 从一边延伸到另一边；横贯，跨越
a deep crack across the ceiling
横贯天花板的一道深深的裂缝
the only bridge across the river
河上唯一的一座桥
Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
你觉得这衬衫的肩部是不是太紧了？
Someone’s parked right across the entrance to the driveway.
有人把车就那么停在车道入口处。
4  on the opposite side of something 在…对面
My best friend lives across the road.
我最好的朋友住在马路对面。
He knew that just across the border lay freedom.
他知道，越过边境就自由了。
across (something) from somebody/something
Across the street from where we’re standing, you can see the old churchyard.
在我们所站之处的街对面，你可以看到古老的教堂墓地。
the woman sitting across from me (=opposite me) on the train
火车上坐在我对面的女士
5  in every part of a country, organization etc 遍及，在…各处
a TV series that became popular across five continents
在五大洲广受欢迎的电视系列片
Teachers are expected to teach a range of subjects right across the curriculum.
要求教师能教授课程里的很多科目。
6  used to show how wide something is …宽
ten feet/five metres etc across
The river is 2 kilometres across.
这条河宽两公里。
Origin across (1200-1300) Anglo-French an crois “in cross”

across ★★★★★
In addition to the uses shown below, across is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘come across’, ‘get across’, and ‘put across’.

除下列用法外，across还可用于come across, get across和put across等短语动词中。

1.PREP 介词从一边到另一边 If someone or something goes across a place or a boundary, they go from one side of it to the other.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
She walked across the floor and lay down on the bed…

她走过地板躺在了床上。

He watched Karl run across the street to Tommy.

他看着卡尔向街对面的汤米跑去。

…an expedition across Africa.

横穿非洲的探险

Across is also an adverb.
Richard stood up and walked across to the window.

理查德站起身走到了窗边。

2.PREP 介词横跨;横过;穿过 If something is situated or stretched across something else, it is situated or stretched from one side of it to the other.
…the floating bridge across Lake Washington in Seattle…

横跨在西雅图华盛顿湖上的浮桥

He scrawled his name across the bill…

他在账单上草草地签了名。

Lucy had strung a banner across the wall saying ‘Welcome Home Daddy’.

露西在墙上挂了一条横幅，上面写着“欢迎爸爸回家”。

Across is also an adverb.
Trim toenails straight across using nail clippers.

用指甲刀逐个修剪脚趾甲。

3.PREP 介词（放置或覆盖）在…上 If something is lying across an object or place, it is resting on it and partly covering it.
She found her clothes lying across the chair…

她发现自己的衣服堆放在椅子上。

The wind pushed his hair across his face.

他的发丝随风拂面。

4.PREP 介词在…对过；在…对面 Something that is across something such as a street, river, or area is on the other side of it.
Anyone from the houses across the road could see him…

马路对面房子里的任何一个人都能看见他。

When I saw you across the room I knew I’d met you before.

我在房间那头看见你时就知道我曾见过你。

Across is also an adverb.
They parked across from the Castro Theatre…

他们将车停在了卡斯特罗剧院对面。

He pulled up a chair and sat down across from Michael.

他拉过一把椅子，坐在了迈克尔的对面。

5.ADV 副词朝；向 If you look across at a place, person, or thing, you look towards them.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
He glanced across at his sleeping wife…

他朝熟睡的妻子看了一眼。

She rose from the chair and gazed across at him.

她从椅子上站起身，远远地看着他。

…breathtaking views across to the hills.

山那边令人叹为观止的美景

6.PREP 介词（表情展露）在（脸）上 You use across to say that a particular expression is shown on someone’s face.
An enormous grin spread across his face…

他咧着大嘴笑了。

For a moment a shadow seemed to pass across Roy’s face.

一瞬间罗伊脸上似乎闪过一丝忧伤。

7.PREP 介词（打）在（脸、头等部位）上 If someone hits you across the face or head, they hit you on that part.
Graham hit him across the face with the gun.

格雷厄姆用枪击打他的脸部。

8.PREP 介词在…各处；遍及 When something happens across a place or organization, it happens equally everywhere within it.
The film ‘Hook’ opens across America on December 11…

电影《铁钩船长》12月11日在美国全线上映。

Thousands of farmers from across Europe have held a huge demonstration in the centre of Brussels…

来自欧洲各地的数千农民在布鲁塞尔市中心举行了大规模的示威游行。

2,000 workers across all state agencies are to be fired by March 31st.

2,000名分属各个国家机关的工作人员将在3月31日前被解雇。

9.PREP 介词超越，跨越（政治、宗教、社会隔阂等） When something happens across a political, religious, or social barrier, it involves people in different groups. across the board→see: board;
…parties competing across the political spectrum…

政治纷争中的各党派

We want to promote cosmetics that appeal across the colour barrier.

我们想推销各种肤色的人都喜欢的化妆品。

10.ADV 副词（测量时）宽… Across is used in measurements to show the width of something.

【搭配模式】：amount ADV
This hand-decorated plate measures 30cm across…

这个手绘盘子直径为30厘米。

The snails are no larger than one centimetre across.

这些蜗牛体宽不超过1厘米。

1 across /əˈkrɑːs/ preposition
1
a : from one side to the other side of (something)从一边到另一边
We took a ferry across the river.
我们搭渡船过河。
We saw them walking across the street.
我们看见他们穿过街道。
She reached across the table to shake his hand.
她隔着桌子伸手同他握手。
They traveled back and forth across the border.
他们往返于边界两端。
Airplanes flew across the sky above us.
飞机从我们的上方飞过。
She slapped him right across the face. [=she slapped his face] 她扇了他一个耳光。
b : on the other side of (something)在…对面
He was seated across the table from me.
他隔着桌子坐在我的对面。
Our grandparents live across the street (from us).
我们的祖父母住在马路对面。
The accident happened just across the state line.
事故就发生在州界线对面。
2
: so as to reach or spread over or throughout (something)穿过；越过
A smile spread across her face.
她的脸上露出微笑。
Looking out across the ocean, he saw land.
隔海望去，他看到了陆地。
The sun’s light spread across the mountains.
阳光洒在群山上。
The disease spread quickly across the country.
那种疾病迅速在全国蔓延开来。
3
: in every part of (a country, region, etc.)遍及；在的各处
The movie is now showing in theaters across [=throughout] America.
这部影片正在全美各影院上映。
Newspapers (all) across the world reported the story.
全世界的报纸都报道了这一事件。
We could hear the bells all across town.
我们在镇子各处都能听见钟声。
2 across /əˈkrɑːs/ adverb
1
: from one side to the other从一边到另一边
The streams are small enough to jump across.
溪流很窄，能跳过去
They walked across to the other side of the street.
他们走到街道的对面。
They reached across and shook each other’s hand.
他们伸出手相互握了握。
2
: in a measurement from one side to the other side…宽
At its widest point, the pond measures 150 feet across.
池塘最宽处达150英尺。
The hole was 10 feet across. [=10 feet wide] 这个洞有10英尺宽。
3
: on the opposite side在对面；对过
I saw them crossing the street and I waited until they were safely across.
我看见他们正在过马路，就一直等到他们安全到了对面。
across from
: on the opposite side from (someone or something)在…的对面
She sat (directly) across from me at the table.
她隔着桌子坐在我（正）对面。
The restaurant is (just) across from the high school.
餐馆（就）在那所高中对面。