back

一、真题好句
back 义务阶段1500 全国卷频次:206
/bæk/
ad. a.n.&v. backs 2 backs 0 backing 2 backed 2
回（原处）；向后 & 后面的 & 背后，后部；背 & 退后，倒车
高考真题原句提选：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move.
The back door and the windows were all locked.
When will Billy be back?
I got out of their way as fast as I could by backing into the garage once more.
Turn your back on too many rules.

二、词组｜习惯用语
go back 回去；追溯
back in [体育]后内刃
back of 在…后面；在…背后
back on 背靠
back into 倒车撞上（某物）
in the back 在后面
at the back 在后面；在…后部
back and forth 反复地，来回地
back up v. 支持，援助；（资料）备份；倒退；裱
way back 好久以前，老早就
on the back of 在…之外，在…后面
at the back of 在…背后，支持；在…的后面；在…的后部
back down 放弃；让步
in the back of 在……后面；在……之后
back out 退出；收回
on my back 在背上；找我麻烦，挑我毛病
on one’s back 卧病在床
back off 后退；软化；减轻；卸下
back to back 背靠背；连续，紧接
go back on 违背；背弃

三、词根记忆

back
a.
後面的ad.向後v.倒退;支持n.背;後面Someone patted me on the back.有人在我背上輕輕地拍了一下.

back
[bak] ,back a’way; ,back a’way from sb/sth
■to move backwards away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant退避，躲避(人或事物):
He stepped forward and she backed away in alarm.
他向前跨了一步，她惊慌地退避开。
The child backed away from the dog nervously.
孩子紧张地后退躲避那条狗。
[synonym]retreat (from sb/sth) (more formal)
see also BACK OFF 2
[G]v+adv ◆ v+adv+prep
,back a’way from sth; ,back a’way from doing sth
■to avoid doing sth unpleasant or difficult; to show that you no longer support an action or an idea退缩；背弃(某行动或想法):
We will not back away from tough measures.
我们不会手软的。
The union has backed away from calling a strike.
工会放弃了号召罢工。
[G]v+adv+prep
,back ‘down(on/from sth)
■to take back a claim or a demand that you have made, or sth that you have said, usually because sb forces you to(被迫)收回(声明、言论等)；放弃(要求、主张等):
Neither of them will back down on this issue.
他俩在此问题上都不会让步的。
His critics were forced to back down.
批评他的人被迫偃旗息鼓了。
[synonym]climb down (over sth); give in (to sb/sth)
see also BACK OFF (FROM STH/FROM DOING STH),BACK OFF STH
[G]v+adv
,back ‘off
■(informal) to stop threatening or annoying sb放过(某人):
Back off and let me make my own decisions.
别烦我了，让我自己做决定吧。
The press have agreed to back off and leave the couple alone.
新闻界同意不再打扰这对夫妻。
■to move away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant躲避(人或事物) :
As the head teacher approached the children backed off.
校长过来时，孩子们闪开了。
[synonym]retreat (from sb/sth)
see also BACK AWAY,BACK AWAY FROM SB/STH
[G]v+adv
,back ‘off (from sth/from doing sth), ,back ‘off sth (especially AmE)
■to decide not to continue to do sth or support an idea, in order to avoid a difficult or unpleasant situation放弃(某事)；不再支持(某想法):
The government backed off in the face of strong opposition.
政府在强烈的反对下退却了。
He refused to back off from his earlier statement.
他不肯撤回先前的声明。
The rebels backed off their demand for meeting with the President.
反叛者放弃了和总统会面的要求。
see also BACK DOWN (ON/FROM STH)
[G]v+adv ◆ v+prep
,back ‘onto sth (BrE)
■if a building backs onto sth, it has sth behind it(建筑物)背向，背靠:
The hotel backs onto the golf course.
旅馆的后面是高尔夫球场。
[G]v+prep
,back ‘out; ,back ‘out of sth; ,back ‘out of doing sth
■to decide not to do sth that you had agreed or promised to do退出；放弃(同意或答应做的事):
Everything’s arranged. It’s too late to back out now.
一切都安排好了。现在打退堂鼓为时太晚。
There’s still time to back out of selling the house.
现在决定不卖房子还来得及。
[synonym]pull out,pull out of sth,pull out of doing sth;withdraw (from sth) (more formal)
[G]v+adv ◆ v+adv+prep
,back ‘up; ,back sb/sth ‘up
■to move backwards a short distance, especially in a vehicle; to make sb/sth move backwards a short distance(使)后退；倒(车):
You can back up another two metres or so.
你可以再退两米左右。
Jeff backed the van up and drove off quickly.
杰夫倒了倒车，然后飞快地开走。
(figurative) The woman was backed up against the wall.
那女子被挤到了墙边。
[synonym]reverse,reverse sth (more formal)
[G]v+adv ◆ v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n
,back ‘up; ,back sth ‘up
■if traffic backs up or is backed up, it cannot move and forms a long line(车辆)拥塞，排起长龙；交通阻塞:
Two lanes were closed by the accident, causing cars to back up for miles.
因事故关闭了两条车道，汽车拥塞长达几英里。
The traffic is backed up to the traffic lights.
车辆在交通灯处阻塞了。
■[NOTE]Back sth up is nearly always used in the passive. back sth up 几乎总是用于被动语态。
[G]v+adv ◆ v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n
,back sb/sth ‘up
■to say or show that what sb says is true证明某人(所言属实)；证实(某人所言):
If I tell my parents I was with you, will you back me up?
假若我对父母说我当时和你在一起，你肯为我作证吗？
His version of events is not backed up by the evidence.
他对事情的陈述证据不足。
[OBJ]statement,claim
■to support or help sb/sth支持，帮助(某人或事):
Mel complained that her husband never backed her up in the control of the children.
梅尔抱怨丈夫从未帮她管桝过孩子。
Backing her up }(=playing music to support her)&b{ was the band ‘Midnight Express’.
为她伴奏的是“午夜快车”乐队。
[synonym]support sb/sth
[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n (less frequent)
‘backup n
■[C] [U] (AmE, music) (usually used as an adjective 通常用作形容词) music that supports the main singer or player in popular music or jazz(流行音乐或爵士乐的)伴奏，伴唱:
a backup singer for Stevie Wonder
史蒂维·旺德的伴唱歌手
She once sang backup for Madonna.
她曾经为麦当娜伴唱。
see also BACK-UP at BACK STH UP
,back sth ‘up
■(computing) to make a copy of a file, a program, etc. that can be used if the original one is lost or damaged给(文件、程序等)做备份；备份:
We back up all the files every night.
我们每晚都给所有文件做备份。
[OBJ]file
■to add sth extra to sth, especially as a support(将某物)添加到；(以某事物)辅助，支持:
The lectures will be backed up by practical work.
课堂讲授将辅以实习。
They backed up their demands with threats.
他们提了要求并威胁说一定要满足。
[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n
‘back-up n
■[U] support or help that you can use in order to do sth支持；援助:
military backup
军事援助
They have a huge back-up team.
他们有一支庞大的后援队伍。
■[C] a second piece of equipment, set of plans, person, etc. that can replace another if necessary备用器械(或计划、人员等)；后备:
He’s our back-up if another player isn’t available.
如果我们其他队员无法上场，就由他替补。
the back-up plan
备用计划
■[C] (computing) a copy of a file, program, etc.for use in case the original is lost or damaged(文件、程序等的)备份:
Have you kept a backup of this file?
你把这文件备份了吗？
a backup disk
备份磁盘
see also BACKUP at BACK SB/STH UP

back / bAk /
noun
PART OF BODY 身体部位
1. the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal’s body that corresponds to this
(人体或动物的)背部,背；腰背:
Do you sleep on your back or your front?
你睡觉是仰着还是躺着？
He stood with his back to the door.
他背对着门站着。
They had their hands tied behind their backs.
他们双手被反剪起来。
back pain
背痛
a back massage
背部按摩
A small boy rode on the elephant’s back.
一个小男孩骑在大象背上。
⇨ see also bareback , horseback
2. the row of bones in the middle of the back
脊柱；脊梁骨
SYN backbone , spine :
She broke her back in a riding accident.
她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。
He put his back out (= dislocated sth in his back) lifting the crates.
他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。
PART FURTHEST FROM FRONT 后部
3. [usually sing.] ~ (of sth) the part or area of sth that is furthest from the front
后部；后面；末尾:
We could only get seats at the back (= of the room).
我们只能找到后排的座位。
I found some old photos at the back of the drawer.
我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。
He was shot in the back of the knee.
他被子弹击中了膕窝。
The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back.
房屋正面有三间卧室,后面两间。
(BrE) There’s room for three people in the back.
后排有可容三人的空位。
(NAmE) There’s room for three people in back.
后排有可容三人的空位。
(BrE) If you’d like to come round the back (= to the area behind the house), I’ll show you the garden.
请到屋子后面看看花园。
⇨ see also hardback , paperback , short back and sides
OF PIECE OF PAPER 纸张
4. [usually sing.] ~ (of sth) the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it
(文件等的)背面:
Write your name on the back of the cheque.
把你的名字写在支票背面。
OF BOOK 书刊
5. [usually sing.] ~ (of sth) the last few pages of a book, etc.
(书等的)最后几页,末尾:
The television guide is at the back of the paper.
电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。
OF CHAIR 椅子
6. the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your back
(椅子等的)靠背
-BACKED 靠背…
7. (in adjectives 构成形容词) used to describe furniture which has the type of back mentioned
(家具)…靠背的:
a high-backed sofa
高靠背沙发
IN SPORT 体育运动
8. (in sports 体育运动) a player whose main role is to defend their team’s goal
后衞
⇨ compare forward n.
⇨ see also fullback , halfback
IDIOMS
▪ at / in the back of your mind
if a thought, etc. is at the back of your mind, you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about
在潜意识里；依稀记得
▪ the 7back of be’yond (informal) a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc.
偏僻地方；边远地区
▪ 7back to ‘back
1. if two people stand back to back, they stand with their backs facing or touching each other
背靠背；背对背
⇨ see also back-to-back
2. if two or more things happen back to back, they happen one after the other
接连地；接二连三
▪ 7back to ‘front
(BrE) (NAmE back·wards)
if you put on a piece of clothing back to front, you make a mistake and put the back where the front should be
(衣服)前后颠倒(或穿反):
I think you’ve got that sweater on back to front.
我觉得你把毛衣前后穿反了。
⇨ compare inside out at inside n.
▪ be glad, etc. to see the back of sb / sth (informal, especially BrE) to be happy that you will not have to deal with or see sb / sth again because you do not like them or it
庆幸终于摆脱(不喜欢的人或事物):
Was I pleased to see the back of her!
真高兴不会再见到她了！
▪ behind sb’s ‘back
without sb’s knowledge or permission
背着某人；背地里；私下:
Have you been talking about me behind my back?
你们是不是在背后说我的闲话？
They went ahead and sold it behind my back.
他们迳自背着我把它卖了。
⇨ compare to sb’s face at face n.
▪ be on sb’s ‘back (informal) to keep asking or telling sb to do sth that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying
缠磨；烦扰
▪ break the ‘back of sth
to finish the largest or most important part of a task
完成(任务等)的主要部份
▪ get / put sb’s ‘back up (informal) to annoy sb
惹恼:
That sort of attitude really gets my back up!
那种态度实在叫我恼火！
▪ get off sb’s ‘back (informal) to stop annoying sb, for example by criticizing them, or asking them to do sth
不再烦扰某人(如停止批评或缠磨等):
Just get off my back, will you!
请别烦我了好吗！
▪ have your 7back to the ‘wall (informal) to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do sth but are unable to make the choices that you would like
处于背水一战的境地；没有退路
▪ off the 7back of a ‘lorry
(BrE, informal, humorous)
goods that fell off the back of a lorry were probably stolen. People say or accept that they came ‘off the back of a lorry’ to avoid saying or asking where they really came from.
(指货物等)来路不明
▪ on the back of sth
as a result of an achievement or a success
由于(某项成就):
The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sales.
利润增长来自百分之二十六的销售额增长。
▪ (flat) on your back (informal) in bed because you are ill / sick
因病卧床；卧病:
She’s been flat on her back for over a week now.
她卧病有一个多星期了。
(figurative) The UK market was flat on its back (= business was very bad).
(当时)英国的市场十分不景气。
▪ put your ‘back into sth
to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task
全力以赴
▪ turn your back
to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction
扭头；转身
▪ turn your back on sb / sth
1. to move so that you are standing or sitting with your back facing sb / sth
转身背对某人(或某物):
When on stage, try not to turn your back on the audience.
在舞台上尽量不要背对观众。
2. to reject sb / sth that you have previously been connected with
背弃；抛弃:
She turned her back on them when they needed her.
他们需要她的时候,她却背弃了他们。
⇨ more at cover v., eye n., know v., pat n., pat v., push v., rod , scratch v., shirt , stab n., stab v., straw , water n.
adjective
[only before noun] AWAY FROM FRONT 在后
1. located behind or at the back of sth
背后的；后面的；后部的:
We were sitting in the back row.
我们坐在后排。
back teeth
臼齿
a back room (= one at the back of a building)
后室(位于建筑物后部)
the back page of a newspaper
报纸最末一页
⇨ compare front adj. (1)
FROM PAST 过去
2. of or from a past time
过去的；旧时的:
a back number of the magazine
一份过期杂志
OWED 拖欠
3. owed for a time in the past
到期未付的；拖欠的:
back pay / taxes / rent
欠薪/税 / 租金
PHONETICS 语音
4. (phonetics 语音) (of a vowel 元音) produced with the back of the tongue in a higher position than the front, for example / B: / in English
⇨ compare central (5), front adj. (2)
舌后的,后位性(舌高点位于口腔后部发音)
▪ on the back ‘burner (informal) (of an idea, a plan, etc. 把主意、计划等) left for the present time, to be done or considered later
暂时搁置
⇨ see also back-burner
⇨ compare on the front burner at front adj.
adverb
HELP For the special uses of back in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example pay sb back is in the phrasal verb section at pay.
back 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 pay sb back 在词条 pay 的短语动词部份。
AWAY FROM FRONT 后面
1. away from the front or centre; behind you
向后；在后；在背面:
I stepped back to let them pass.
我退后一步给他们让路。
Sit back and relax.
靠椅背坐好,放松放松。
You’ve combed your hair back.
你把头发往后梳了。
He turned and looked back.
他转身向后望。
She fell back towards the end of the race.
赛跑快结束时她落后了。
OPP forward
AT A DISTANCE 距离
2. at a distance away from sth
与(某物)有距离:
The barriers kept the crowd back.
障碍物拦住了人群。
Stand back and give me some room.
站远点儿,给我腾出些地方。
UNDER CONTROL 受控制
3. under control; prevented from being expressed or coming out
控制住；忍住:
He could no longer hold back his tears.
他再也无法控制住眼泪。
AS BEFORE 像先前
4. to or into the place, condition, situation or activity where sb / sth was before
回原处；恢复原状:
Put the book back on the shelf.
把书放回书架上。
Please give me my ball back.
请把我的球还给我。
He’ll be back on Monday.
他星期一会回来。
It takes me an hour to walk there and back.
我步行往返要花一个小时。
Could you go back to the beginning of the story?
你能不能回到故事的开头？
She woke up briefly and then went back to sleep.
她醒了片刻又睡了。
We were right back where we started, only this time without any money.
我们回到了起点,只是这次一点钱也没有。
IN PAST 过去
5. in or into the past; ago
以前:
The village has a history going back to the Middle Ages.
这个村子的历史可追溯至中世纪。
She left back in November.
她十一月份已经离开了。
That was a few years back.
那是几年以前的事。
AT A PREVIOUS PLACE 在原处
6. at a place previously left or mentioned
在曾去过(或提到过)的地方；在前面:
We should have turned left five kilometres back.
我们在五公里之前就该左拐的。
Back at home, her parents were worried.
在家中,她的父母很担心。
I can’t wait to get back home.
我急不可待想赶回家。
IN RETURN 回应
7. in return or reply
回报；回答:
If he kicks me, I’ll kick him back.
他要是踢我,我就踢他。
Could you call back later, please?
请稍后再打电话来好吗？
▪ 7back and ‘forth
from one place to another and back again repeatedly
反复来回:
ferries sailing back and forth between the islands
往返于岛屿之间的渡船
▪ 7back in the ‘day
in the past
过去；从前；旧时:
My dad’s always talking about how great everything was back in the day.
我爸爸总是讲过去的一切如何如何的好。
▪ 7back in the ‘days
at a particular time in the past
在过去的某个时候:
I was a fan back in the days when the band wasn’t yet famous.
在这个乐队还没出名的时候,我就是他们的歌迷。
▪ back of sth
(NAmE, informal)
behind sth
在某物的背后(或背面):
the houses back of the church
位于教堂后面的房屋
⇨ more at earth n.
verb
MOVE BACKWARDS 后退
1. [+adv. / prep.] to move or make sth move backwards
(使)后退,倒退:
▪ [V] He backed against the wall, terrified.
他退到墙边,惊恐万分。
▪ [VN] If you can’t drive in forwards, try backing it in.
若不能开车正面驶入,不妨倒车进去。
⇨ compare reverse v. (6)
SUPPORT 支持
2. [VN] to give help or support to sb / sth
帮助；支持:
Her parents backed her in her choice of career.
她父母支持她的职业选择。
Doctors have backed plans to raise the tax on cigarettes.
医生们对提高烟草税计划给予了支持。
The programme of economic reform is backed (= given financial support) by foreign aid.
经济改革计划得到外资援助。
a United Nations-backed peace plan
得到联合国支持的和平计划
BET MONEY 下赌注
3. [VN] to bet money on a horse in a race, a team in a competition, etc.
下赌注于(赛马、参赛队伍等):
I backed the winner and won fifty pounds.
我押对了赌注,赢了五十英镑。
MUSIC 音乐
4. [VN] to play or sing music that supports the main singer or instrument
伴奏；伴唱
⇨ see also backing (3)
COVER BACK 覆盖背面
5. [VN] ~ sth (with sth) [usually passive] to cover the back of sth in order to support or protect it
(用某物)在…背后加固,给…加背衬
BE BEHIND 在后面
6. [VN] [usually passive] (BrE) to be located behind sth
位于(某物)的后面；在…后面:
The house is backed by fields.
房子的后面是田野。
▪ 7back the wrong ‘horse
(BrE)
to support sb / sth that is not successful
下错赌注(支持了失败的一方或事情)
PHRASAL VERBS
▪ 7back a’way (from sb / sth)
to move away backwards from sb / sth that is frightening or unpleasant; to avoid doing sth that is unpleasant
躲避(可怕或讨厌的人或事物)；避免(做讨厌的事)；退避
▪ 7back ‘down (on / from sth) (NAmE also 7back ‘off)
to take back a demand, an opinion, etc. that other people are strongly opposed to; to admit defeat
放弃(别人强烈反对的要求、主张等)；认输:
She refused to back down on a point of principle.
她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。
▪ 7back ‘off
1. to move backwards in order to get away from sb / sth frightening or unpleasant
退缩,退却(以躲避可怕或讨厌的人或事物):
As the riot police approached the crowd backed off.
防暴警察靠近,人群就往后退却。
2. to stop threatening, criticizing or annoying sb
停止威胁(或批评、骚扰):
Back off! There’s no need to yell at me.
走开点！没必要对我大喊大叫。
The press have agreed to back off and leave the couple alone.
新闻界同意退让,不再搅扰这对夫妇。
▪ 7back ‘off (from sth)
to choose not to take action, in order to avoid a difficult situation
放弃(采取行动)；退让:
The government backed off from a confrontation.
政府放弃对抗。
▪ 7back ‘onto sth (BrE) (of a building 建筑物)
to have sth directly behind it
背向；背靠:
Our house backs onto the river.
我们的房子背向河流。
▪ 7back ‘out (of sth)
to decide that you are no longer going to take part in sth that has been agreed
退出；撒手:
He lost confidence and backed out of the deal at the last minute.
他失去了信心,在最后一刻退出了协议。
▪ 7back ‘up | 7back sth ↔ ‘up
to move backwards, especially in a vehicle
后退；倒(车):
You can back up another two feet or so.
你可以再退两英尺左右。
I backed the car up to the door.
我把车倒到门前。
▪ 7back sb / sth ↔ ‘up
1. to support sb / sth; to say that what sb says, etc. is true
支持；证实(某人所言):
I’ll back you up if they don’t believe you.
如果他们不相信你,我会为你作证。
The writer doesn’t back up his opinions with examples.
作者不用实例印证他的看法。
2. to provide support for sb / sth
支持；支援:
two doctors backed up by a team of nurses
由一组护士辅助的两名医生
The rebels backed up their demands with threats.
反叛者以恐吓手段要挟。
⇨ related noun backup (1)
▪ 7back sth ↔ ‘up (computing 计)
to prepare a second copy of a file, program, etc. that can be used if the main one fails or needs extra support
给(文件、程序等)做备份；备份
⇨ related noun backup (2)

back1 /bæk/ ●●● S1 W1 adverb
1  RETURN TO PLACE 回原处 in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before 回到原处
I’ll be back in a minute.
我马上回来。
Put that book back where you found it!
把那本书放回原处！
back in/to/into etc
Rory plugged the cable back into the socket.
罗里把缆线插回插座。
I feel like going back to bed.
我想回去睡觉。
go/get/head etc back
We ought to try and get back before it gets dark.
我们应该尽量在天黑之前回去。
He was back home by half past eleven.
他是11点半之前回家的。
It’s possible to travel there and back in a day.
到那里一天来回是可以的。
2  AS BEFORE 和以前一样 in or into the condition or situation you were in before 恢复原状
Gary woke at 4 am and couldn’t get back to sleep.
加里凌晨4点钟醒来后就再也睡不着了。
It took me a long time to get my confidence back.
过了很久我才找回自信。
If you decide to marry him, there will be no going back (=you will not be able to get back to your previous situation).
你要是决定嫁给他，就没有回头路可走了。
go/get back to (doing) something
There’s no way I’m going back to being poor.
我无论如何都不会让自己再过穷日子。
It’ll take a while for things to get back to normal.
要过一阵子才能恢复正常。
3  PREVIOUS PLACE 以前的地方 in or to a place where you lived or worked before 在以前的地方；回到以前的地方
back in/at
She was the one who had fired him from his first job back in South Africa.
她就是以前在南非的时候炒他鱿鱼、使他失去第一份工作的人。
back home (=in the place that you come from and think of as your home) 以前在老家
It reminded me of evenings back home.
这让我想起了以前晚上在老家的时候。
4  BACKWARDS 向后面 in the opposite direction from the way you are facing 向后面；在后面 OPP forwards
He glanced back at the house.
他回头看了一眼那房子。
Kirov stepped back a pace.
基洛夫往后退了一步。
She tilted her head back to look at him.
她仰起头来看着他。
5  REPLY/REACTION 回答/回应 if you do something back, you do it as a reply or reaction to what someone has said or done 回复，回应
6  RETURN STH TO SB 把某物还给某人 if you give something, get something etc back, you return it to the person who first had it, or you have it returned to you 归还；取回
7  IN THE PAST 在过去 in or towards a time in the past 以前，从前，过去；追溯至
8  AGAIN 再次 once again 再次，又一次
9  sit/lie/lean back to sit or lie in a comfortable relaxed way 舒舒服服地坐/躺/倚着
10  AWAY 离开 away from a surface, person, or thing 离开〔某个表面、人或物〕
11  back and forth going in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times 来回地
12  TOWARDS BEGINNING 往开始的地方 towards the beginning of a book, film, or computer document etc 往前，往回
Related topics: Human, Furniture, Newspapers, printing, publishing, Sport
back2 ●●● S1 W1 noun [countable] 1  PART OF YOUR BODY 身体部位
2  NOT AT FRONT 不在前面 [usually singular] the part of something that is furthest from the front 后面，后部 OPP front
3  LESS IMPORTANT SIDE 较为不重要的一面 [usually singular] the less important side or surface of something such as a piece of paper or card 〔纸或纸牌等的〕背面，反面 OPP front
4  PART OF SEAT 座椅的一部分 the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sitting 椅背，靠背
5  BOOK/NEWSPAPER 书/报纸 [usually singular] the last pages of a book or newspaper 〔书报的〕末尾 OPP front
6  at/in the back of your mind a thought that is at the back of your mind is one you try to ignore because you do not want it to be true 在内心里〔指不希望某个想法是真实的〕
7  back to back
8  back to front British English
9  behind somebody’s back if you do something behind someone’s back, you do it without them knowing 在某人背后，背地里
10  when/while somebody’s back is turned if something happens when your back is turned, it happens when you are not able to see or know what someone is doing 在某人转身的时候〔指在看不见或不知道的时候〕
11  get/put somebody’s back up British English informal to annoy someone 使某人生气，使某人产生反感，惹怒某人
12  get (somebody) off somebody’s back spoken to stop annoying someone with a lot of questions, criticisms etc, or to make someone stop annoying you in this way （使某人）不烦扰某人
13  be on somebody’s back spoken to be trying to make someone do something they do not want to do 逼某人做，硬要某人做
14  on the back of something as a result of something that already exists or something you have already done 由于某事物〔指已存在的某物或已做成的某事〕
15  on the backs of somebody using the work of a particular group to achieve something that they will not get any advantage from 依靠某人〔指依靠从中得不到好处的某一群体〕
16. SPORTS 体育运动 a defending player in a sports team 后卫 SYN defender
17  the back of beyond informal a place that is a long way from other places and is difficult to get to 遥远偏僻的地方
18  be (flat) on your back
19  put your back into it informal to work extremely hard at something 全力以赴，拼命
20  be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of somebody/something to be happy that someone is leaving or because you no longer have to deal with something 很高兴看到某人离开/某事结束
21. have your back to/against the wall informal to be in a difficult situation with no choice about what to do 陷入绝境，被逼得走投无路
22  at your back
23. on your back informal not polite if someone achieves something on their back, they achieve it by having sex with someone 在床上搞定〔指通过与别人发生性关系而达到目的〕
24  high-backed/straight-backed/low-backed etc with a high, straight, low etc back 高背的/直背的/低背的等→ know something like the back of your hand at know1(3), → turn your back on somebody/something at turn1(7)
Related topics: Music, Gambling
back3 ●●● S2 W3 verb
1  SUPPORT 支持 [transitive] 2  MOVE BACKWARDS 向后移动 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwards （使）后退
3  PUT STH ON THE BACK 加背衬 [transitive] to put a material or substance onto the back of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger 给…加背衬
4  BE BEHIND STH 在某物后面 [transitive] to be at the back of something or behind it 在…的后面
5  MUSIC 音乐 [transitive] to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician 伴奏；伴唱
6. RISK MONEY 下注 [transitive] to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something 下赌注于
7. back the wrong horse to support someone or something that is not successful 下错赌注，支持了输家
 PHRASAL VERBS
Related topics: Linguistics
back4 ●●● S2 W3 adjective [only before noun] 1  at or in the back of something 后面的，后部的 OPP front
2  behind something, especially a building 在〔建筑物〕后面的 OPP front
3  from the back 从后面的
4  back street/lane/road etc a street etc that is away from the main streets 偏僻的街道/小巷/马路等
5. back rent/taxes/pay etc money that someone owes from an earlier date 拖欠的租金/税款/薪水等
6. back issue/copy/number a copy of a magazine or newspaper from an earlier date 过期的报刊
7. technical a back vowel sound is made by lifting your tongue at the back of your mouth 〔元音〕舌后的，舌根的
Origin back2 Old English bæc

back ★★★★★
1. ADVERB USES 副词用法
2. NOUN AND ADJECTIVE USES 名词和形容词用法
3. VERB USES 动词用法
In addition to the uses shown below, back is also used in phrasal verbs such as ‘date back’ and ‘fall back on’.

除下列用法外，back还可用于date back, fall back on 等短语动词中。

1.ADV 副词向后；往后；往回 If you move back, you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
The photographers drew back to let us view the body…

摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。

She stepped back from the door expectantly…

她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。

He pushed her away and she fell back on the wooden bench…

他把她推开，她向后跌坐到长木椅上。

She pushes back her chair and stands.

她把椅子往后一推，站了起来。

2.ADV 副词回到原处 If you go back somewhere, you return to where you were before.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
I went back to bed…

我回到床上。

I’m due back in London by late afternoon…

我预计下午晚些时候回到伦敦。

Smith changed his mind and moved back home…

史密斯改变主意，搬回家了。

I’ll be back as soon as I can…

我会尽快回来。

He made a round-trip to the terminal and back.

他到了终点，又折回来。

3.ADV 副词恢复原状；回到原来的状态 If someone or something is back in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal…

铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。

Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one…

丹尼丝希望等女儿满周岁就回去工作。

Having recently bought an old typewriter, I am now trying to bring it back into working order.

我刚买了一台旧打字机，正想办法让它能够重新正常工作。

4.ADV 副词归还；交还；放回；收回 If you give or put something back, you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take something back, you then have it again after not having it for a while.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
She handed the knife back…

她递还刀子。

Put it back in the freezer…

把它放回冰箱。

You’ll get your money back.

钱会还给你的。

5.ADV 副词（将钟表）拨回 If you put a clock or watch back, you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
6.ADV 副词回应（来信、电话、目光等） If you write or call back, you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you look back at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn’t have to do it…

他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。

If the phone rings say you’ll call back after dinner…

如果有电话打来，就说你吃完饭再回电话。

Lee looked at Theodora. She stared back.

李看着西奥多拉，她也回视着他。

7.ADV 副词回到（某个话题） You can say that you go or come back to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
Can I come back to the question of policing once again?…

我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？

To come back to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe…

回到我在导言中所说的，19世纪的西班牙是欧洲整体的一部分。

Going back to the school, how many staff are there?

回到学校这话题上来，教职员工有多少人？

8.ADV 副词再次流行；再度成为潮流 If something is or comes back, it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
Short skirts are back…

短裙又流行起来了。

Consensus politics could easily come back into fashion.

共识政治很可能再度兴起。

9.ADV 副词在一段距离之外 If someone or something is kept or situated back from a place, they are at a distance away from it.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
Keep back from the edge of the platform…

请勿靠近站台边缘。

I’m a few miles back from the border…

我距离边境数英里。

He started for Dot’s bedroom and Myrtle held him back.

他正要去多特的卧室，被默特尔拦住了。

10.ADV 副词收拢；拢起；束起 If something is held or tied back, it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
Her hair was tied back…

她的头发扎了起来。

The curtains were held back by tassels.

窗帘用穗子拢了起来。

11.ADV 副词（舒适地）向后仰 If you lie or sit back, you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
She lay back and stared at the ceiling…

她躺下盯着天花板。

She leaned back in her chair and smiled.

她靠在椅背上，微笑起来。

12.ADV 副词回头，转身（看或喊） If you look or shout back at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning…

尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。

He called back to her.

他转身叫她。

13.ADV 副词（表示描述场所的转换）在曾提到过的地方 You use back in expressions like back in London or back at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention.

【搭配模式】：ADV with v
Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing…

与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。

Later, back at home, the telephone rang.

随后，家里的电话响了。

14.ADV 副词以前；过去；追溯至 If you talk about something that happened back in the past or several years back, you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago.

【搭配模式】：ADV with v

【语用信息】：emphasis
The story starts back in 1950, when I was five…

故事可以追溯到1950年，那时我才5岁。

I was in St. Lucia back in January of this year…

今年1月份我在圣卢西亚。

He contributed £50m to the project a few years back.

几年前，他向这个项目捐资了5,000万英镑。

15.ADV 副词回想；回忆 If you think back to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it.

【搭配模式】：ADV after v
I thought back to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill…

我回想起1975年我儿子病得奄奄一息的那段时间。

My mind flew back to stories I had heard about Vinnie.

我回想起曾听到过的关于文妮的那些传闻。

16.PHRASE 短语来回；往返 If someone moves back and forth, they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

【搭配模式】：PHR after v
He paced back and forth…

他来回踱步。

Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseball back and forth.

两个男孩在街上来来回回地投接棒球。

17. to cast your mind back→see: mind;
1.N-COUNT 可数名词背（部）；后背；脊背 A person’s or animal’s back is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach.

【搭配模式】：oft poss N
Her son was lying peacefully on his back…

她儿子安静地仰面躺着。

She turned her back to the audience…

她转过身背对着观众。

Three of the victims were shot in the back…

其中三名受害者背部中枪。

He threw the old cloth saddle across the donkey’s back.

他把旧布鞍搭在驴背上。

2.N-COUNT 可数名词后面；后部 The back of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front.

【搭配模式】：usu sing
…a room at the back of the shop…

商店后部的一个房间

She raised her hands to the back of her neck…

她举起双手放于颈后。

Smooth the mixture with the back of a soup spoon…

用汤勺的背面把混合料抹平。

Her room was on the third floor, at the back.

她的房间在三楼靠后的位置。

3.ADJ 形容词后面的；后部的 Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front.

【搭配模式】：ADJ n
He opened the back door…

他打开了后门。

Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car.

安记得自己坐在他们车的后座上。

…the back room of a pub in Camden.

在卡姆登的一个酒吧后面的房间

…the path leading to the back garden.

通往后花园的小径

4.N-COUNT 可数名词（椅子或沙发的）靠背 The back of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it.

【搭配模式】：usu sing
There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair.

椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。

5.N-COUNT 可数名词（纸、信封等的）反面，背面 The back of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important.

【搭配模式】：the N
Send your answers on the back of a postcard.

将答案写在明信片背面寄出。

6.N-COUNT 可数名词（书等的）末尾 The back of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example.

【搭配模式】：the N
…the index at the back of the book…

书末索引

You’ve given a whole list of names and addresses at the back.

你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。

7.N-SING 单数名词（用于round the back, out the back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域 You can use back in expressions such as round the back and out the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building.

【搭配模式】：prep the N

【语域标签】：BRIT 英

【STYLE标签】：SPOKEN 口语
He had chickens and things round the back…

他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。

The privy’s out the back.

厕所在房子后面。

8.N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词（用于out back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域；（用于in back等表达方式中）汽车（或建筑物等）的后部 You use back in expressions such as out back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also use in back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building.

【搭配模式】：prep N

【语域标签】：AM 美
Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes…

丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。

Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat in back…

卡特利特开车，我坐在车子后面。

She hurried to the kitchen in back of the store.

她赶紧进到商店后面的厨房。

9.N-COUNT 可数名词（足球、曲棍球等运动中的）后卫 In team games such as football and hockey, a back is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team.
10.N-COUNT 可数名词（美式橄榄球运动中的）进攻后卫 In American football, a back is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends.
11.PHRASE 短语背着（某人） If you say that something was done behind someone’s back, you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way.

【搭配模式】：PHR after v

【语用信息】：disapproval
You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back.

你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。

12.PHRASE 短语完成…最困难的部分 If you break the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem.

【搭配模式】：V inflects
It seems at least that we’ve broken the back of inflation in this country…

看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。

We can deliver supplies and work to break the back of the famine.

我们可以运送物资，努力解决饥荒中最关键的问题。

13.PHRASE 短语接连地；连续地 If two or more things are done back to back, one follows immediately after the other without any interruption.
…two half-hour shows, which will be screened back to back.

连续播放的两档半小时节目

14.PHRASE 短语（衣服）前后穿反；（顺序）前后颠倒 If you are wearing something back to front, you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do something back to front, you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last.

【搭配模式】：PHR after v

【语域标签】：mainly BRIT 主英
He wears his baseball cap back to front…

他把棒球帽反戴着。

The picture was printed back to front.

图片印反了。

in AM, use 美国英语用 backward
15.PHRASE 短语不再（对某人）批评（或施压等） If you tell someone to get off your back you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you.

【搭配模式】：V inflects

【STYLE标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back.

他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。

16.PHRASE 短语紧跟着；紧接着 If you say that one thing happens on the back of another thing, you mean that it happens after that other thing and in addition to it.
The cuts, if approved, come on the back of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed.

8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。

17.PHRASE 短语（使）受到威胁；（使）处于不利地位 If someone is on the back foot, or if something puts them on the back foot, they feel threatened and act defensively.
From now on Labour will be on the back foot on the subject of welfare.

今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。

…another scheme designed purely to put the Scots Nationalists on the back foot.

另一项纯粹旨在让苏格兰民族党人被迫退居守势的计划

18.PHRASE 短语互相帮助；与人方便，与己方便 People say ‘You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours’ to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return.

【STYLE标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
19.PHRASE 短语希望（某人）离开 If you say that you will be glad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave.

【搭配模式】：PHR n

【语域标签】：BRIT 英

【STYLE标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me.

我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。

20.PHRASE 短语忽略；背弃；拒绝；对…不予理睬 If you turn your back on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them.

【搭配模式】：V inflects
Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer…

斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。

Gunnell is not the sort to turn her back on someone who has coached her for 12 years.

冈内尔不是那种将指导了自己12年的教练拒之门外的人。

21.PHRASE 短语使生气；触怒；惹恼 If someone or something puts your back up or gets your back up, they annoy you.

【搭配模式】：V inflects

【STYLE标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
Some food labelling practices really get my back up.

有些食物标签的贴法实在让我生气。

22. off the back of a lorry→see: lorry; to take a back seat→see: seat; to have your back to the wall→see: wall;
1.VERB 动词背对；背向；背朝 If a building backs onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing.

【语法信息】：V onto n
We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street…

我们住在一楼的一套公寓房里，背对着一条繁忙的街道。

His garden backs onto a school.

他的花园背朝一所学校。

2.V-ERG 及物/不及物动词倒（车）；倒退 When you back a car or other vehicle somewhere or when it backs somewhere, it moves backwards.

【语法信息】：V n prep/adv

【语法信息】：V prep/adv

【语法信息】：V

【语法信息】：Also V n
He backed his car out of the drive…

他把车倒出了私人车道。

The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line…

火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。

I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned.

卡车倒车和掉头的时候，我听见发动机的轰鸣声。

3.VERB 动词支持；资助 If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money.

【语法信息】：V n
There is a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.

有新的目击证人证明他的说法，他是被错认了。

…if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council to back the plan…

如果法国不能说服安理会五个常任理事国都支持该计划

The Prime Minister is backed by the civic movement, Public Against Violence.

首相得到“全民反暴力”公民运动的支持。

-backed
…government-backed loans to Egypt.

向埃及提供的政府贷款

4.VERB 动词预测…获胜；（通常指）下赌注于 If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.

【语法信息】：V n to-inf

【语法信息】：V n
Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup…

昨晚罗兰·尼尔森打赌谢菲尔德周三队会捧得欧洲联盟杯。

The horse’s owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three…

马的主人希钦斯先生以200比1的赔率赌它获得前三名。

It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.

发现自己的投注对象输了是一件让人心烦的事。

5.VERB 动词为…伴奏（或伴唱） If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.

【语法信息】：be V-ed by n

【搭配模式】：usu passive
She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas.

原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。

6.See also:backing;
相关词组：
back away back down back off back out back up

1 back /ˈbæk/ noun
plural backs [count] 1
a : the rear part of the body : the part of the body that is opposite to the stomach and chest and that goes from the neck to the top of the legs（人的）背，背部
She was carrying her little daughter on her back.
她背着她的小女儿。
He injured his back. = He suffered a back injury.
他的背部受伤了。
She has a pain in the small of her back.
她的腰背部疼痛。
an aching back
疼痛的背
I slapped/patted him on his/the back to congratulate him.
我拍了拍他的背以示祝贺。
He broke his back [=spine] in a fall.
他摔了一跤，摔断了脊椎。
She stabbed/shot him in the back.
她刺中/射中了他的背部。
He was handcuffed with his hands behind his back.
他双手被铐在背后。
— see picture at human
b : the part of an animal that is like a person’s back（动物的）背部
a bird with a spotted back
背部有斑点的鸟
riding on the back of a horse/donkey/camel
骑在马/驴/骆驼的背上
— see also horseback
2
a : the side or surface of something that is opposite the front or face : the rear side or surface of something反面；背面；背部 — usually singular通常用单数
the back of the head
后脑勺
the back of a mirror/spoon
镜子/汤匙的背面
the back of the hand/leg/foot
手背；腿的后部；脚背
The book has fallen down the back of the couch.
那本书掉到长沙发后面了。
b : the side or surface of something (such as a piece of paper) that is not usually used or seen first（物体的）背面，反面 — usually singular通常用单数
She wrote something on the back of an envelope.
她在信封背面写了点东西。
He signed his name on the back of the check.
他在支票背面签了名。
c : a place, position, or area that is at or near the rear of something后面；后部 — usually singular通常用单数
He put the letter in the back of the drawer.
他把信放到抽屉的后部。
The kitchen is at/in the back of the house and the living room is at/in the front.
厨房位于房屋的后部，客厅位于房屋的前部。
Since our plane was leaving soon we were moved to the front of the line while others remained at the back.
由于我们的飞机很快就要起飞了，我们被叫到了队伍前面，其他人则仍留在后面。
Please move to the back of the elevator to make room for others.
请往电梯后面走，为其他人留出空间。
3
: the part of a chair or seat that supports a person’s back椅背；靠背
a comfortable chair with a padded back
带衬垫靠背的舒适椅子
4
a : the section of a book, magazine, etc., that includes the last pages（书籍、刊物等的）末尾，最后几页 — usually singular通常用单数
There is an index in the back of the book.
这本书的后面有索引。
b : the part of a book’s cover that can be seen when the book is on a shelf书脊
The title of the book is shown on its back. [=spine] 书脊上印有书名。
5
sports : a player in some games (such as soccer and American football) who is positioned behind the front line of players（足球、美式橄榄球等的）卫，后卫
a defensive back
防守后卫
— see also fullback, halfback, quarterback, running back
a pat on the back
— see 1pat
a stab in the back
— see 1stab
at/in the back of your mind
: in the part of your mind where thoughts and memories are kept在心灵深处；在脑海里— used to describe ideas, memories, etc., that someone has but that are not usually thought about or not perfectly remembered用于形容某人心里隐约存在的念头、记忆等
The thought of retiring and moving out into the country has been in the back of her mind for many years, and now she’s finally doing it.
多年来，退休并移居乡下的想法一直藏在她的心里，如今她终于付诸实施了。
Somewhere in the back of my mind I knew I’d met him before.
我隐约记得，我以前在什么地方见过他。
back is to/against the wall
◊ When your back is to/against the wall or you have your back to/against the wall you are in a bad position in which you are forced to do something in order to avoid failure.处于背水一战的境地；没有退路
With our backs to the wall we made a last desperate effort to finish the project on time.
由于已经没有了退路，我们背水一战，竭尽全力争取按时完成这个项目。
We knew that with so little time and money left to finish the project we had our backs to the wall.
我们明白靠剩下的这么一点时间和资金来完成这个项目，我们是在拼死一搏。
back to back
1
: with backs opposite or against each other背靠背
The soldiers stood back to back.
士兵们背靠背站着。
2
: happening one after the other一个接一个地；接连地
She won the annual competition two times back to back. [=in a row] 她接连两次赢得年度竞赛。
He’s had two victories back to back.
他已经接连两次获胜。
I’ve scheduled two appointments back to back.
我已经安排好连续两次约会。
— see also back-to-back
back to front of a piece of clothing
: with the back where the front should be（衣服）前后穿反
He accidentally put the sweater on back to front. [=front to back, backwards] 他不小心把针织套衫前后穿反了。
behind someone’s back
: without someone’s knowledge : in secret背地里；悄悄地；秘密地
You shouldn’t gossip about people behind their back(s).
你不应该背地里议论他人。
If you have something to say, why not say it to my face instead of whispering it behind my back?!
如果你有话要说，干吗要背地里议论而不当着我的面说？
She went behind his back and spoke directly to his supervisor.
她背着他直接向他的上司报告。
break the back of
: to get control of (something you are trying to stop or defeat) : to greatly weaken or subdue (something)控制住；极大削弱
He says the government’s new policies will break the back of inflation.
他说政府的新政策将会控制住通货膨胀。
eyes in the back of your head
— see 1eye
get your back up
: to become angry or annoyed and want to fight or argue生气，恼怒（因而想要反击或反驳）
He gets his back up and becomes defensive whenever someone questions his work.
只要有人质疑他的工作，他就会很恼火，还会起戒心。
— compare put someone’s back up (below)
have someone’s back
— see watch someone’s back (below)
in back
: in an area at the back of something在后部；在后面
There was only room for one passenger in front. The rest of us sat in back. [=in the back] 前面只能容纳一个乘客，我们其余的人都坐在后面。
in back of chiefly US
: directly behind (something or someone)紧挨在…后面
There’s a small yard in back of the house.
有个小院子紧挨在那栋房子的后面。
on the back of
1
: because of (something)由于；因为
Profits have increased on the back of [=on the strength of] improved international sales.
由于国际市场销量提升，所以利润增长了。
2
disapproving : by using the efforts of (other people)利用，依赖于（他人）
The company has achieved record profits on the back of cheap labor.
由于使用了低价劳动力，公司获得了创纪录的利润。
on/off your back
◊ Someone who is always or frequently criticizing you or telling you what to do is on your back and won’t get off your back.缠磨，烦扰（某人）不再缠磨，不再烦扰（某人）
He says his wife is always on his back about doing chores around the house.
他说他太太总是就做家务事对他指手画脚。
Get off my back! I’m working as hard as I can!
别烦我！我正在尽全力工作。
My boss is always criticizing me. I wish I knew some way to get him off my back.
我的老板总是批评我。要是有办法让他不再烦扰我就好了。
on your back
◊ If you are (flat) on your back you are lying with your back against the ground, on a bed, etc.平躺；仰卧
The accident left him (lying) flat on his back (in bed) for two weeks.
那次事故使他卧床两周。
◊ This phrase is sometimes used figuratively.这个短语有时用作比喻。
The stock market has been flat on its back [=has been doing very poorly] in recent weeks.
最近几周股市很不景气。
out back (US) or chiefly British out the back or round the back
: in the area behind something (such as a building)在（建筑物等的）后面
In my youth we didn’t have a toilet in the house but there was one out back.
我年轻时屋里没有卫生间，不过屋子后面有一个。
put someone’s back up
: to offend or annoy someone : to make someone angry or ready to argue冒犯；激怒
I don’t want to question his decision because that will just put his back up.
我不想质疑他的决定，因为那样会激怒他。
— compare get your back up (above)
put your back into
: to work very hard at (something) : to put a lot of effort into (something)全力以赴；专注于
If you want to get that floor clean you’ll have to put your back into it.
如果你想把那块地板擦干净，你就必须使劲擦。
You’ll really have to put your back into this project if you want it to succeed.
如果你希望这个项目取得成功，你就必须全力以赴。
scratch someone’s back
— see 1scratch
see the back of
◊ In British English, to be glad/happy (etc.) to see the back of someone is to be glad to see someone finally going away.摆脱（某人）；巴不得（某人）离开
He’s done nothing but make trouble and I’ll be glad to see the back of him! [=I’ll be glad when he has gone] 他什么都没干，只会添乱，所以我巴不得他快点离开。
stab (someone) in the back
— see 2stab
the shirt off your back
— see shirt
turn your back
: to turn so that you are facing away from someone转身背对（某人）
He turned his back and walked away from me.
他转身从我身边走开了。
— often + on
He turned his back on me and walked away.
他转身从我身边走开了。
— often used figuratively常用作比喻
His former supporters have turned their backs on him. [=have abandoned him] 他原来的支持者都背弃了他。
watch someone’s back or have someone’s back
: to protect someone who is doing something that is dangerous or risky保护某人；支持某人
The police officer’s partner always watches his back.
那名警官的同伴总在保护他。
Don’t worry, I’ve got your back.
别担心，我在后面保护你。
watch your back
◊ If people tell you to watch your back, they are telling you to be careful.小心点
I hear the boss is in a bad mood this morning, so you’d better watch your back.
我听说老板今早心情不好，所以你最好小心点。
— backless /ˈbækləs/ adjective
a backless evening gown
露背晚礼服
2 back /ˈbæk/ adverb
1
a : in, toward, or at the back or rear在后部；朝后；在后
The soldiers moved back from the front lines.
士兵们从前线向后撤退。
The police asked the crowd to move/step back from the scene of the accident.
警方要求人群从事故现场向后退。
He left his friends two miles back.
他把几个朋友甩在两英里以后了。
She turned around and looked back toward him.
她转过身朝他望去。
a chapter beginning several pages back
在之后几页开始的一章
b : to, toward, or in the place where someone or something was previously回到从前的地方；回原处
He left his home and never went back.
他离开了家，再也没有回去。
I had to go back (to the office) for some papers I had left behind.
我得回（办公室）去取落下的几份文件。
It’s time to go back home.
是该回家的时候了。
She took the book off the shelf and forgot to put it back.
她从书架拿了这本书但忘了把它放回去。
She left earlier but she should be back [=return] soon.
她稍早的时候走了，但应该很快就回来了。
2
: in or into the past : backward in time回到从前；以前
In the opening chapter the author looks back on his youth.
在开篇的第一章作者回顾了他的青年时代。
an event back in the last century
上个世纪发生的事件；
also : ago
It happened several years back.
这事是几年前发生的。
I met him in the city two days back.
我两天前在城里遇见过他。
3
a : to or toward a former state or condition回到原状
He has decided to go back to private life. [=to return to private life] 他已经决定重新回到个人的生活中去。
Good farming practices were needed to bring the fields back (to good condition). [=to restore the fields] 需要有好的耕作方法来恢复田地。
b : in return or reply归还；回报；回复
I gave the book to him and he gave it back (to me).
我把这本书给了他，他又把书还给了我。
He refused to give back the borrowed money.
他拒绝归还借款。
He hit his brother and his brother hit him right back.
他打了他的弟弟，他弟弟立刻还击了。
talk back
反驳
She refused to take back her accusations.
她拒绝撤销指控。
c — used to describe someone or something that is being held or kept from moving forward or happening控制住；止住
He would have jumped if his friends had not held him back.
要不是朋友们把他拉住，他就已经跳下去了。
He vowed that he wouldn’t allow poverty to hold/keep him back. [=to keep him from succeeding] 他发誓不会让贫穷拖他的后腿。
She struggled to hold back a laugh. [=to keep from laughing] 她强忍着没笑出声来。
Landslides set the construction job back many days. [=caused the construction job to be delayed many days] 滑坡使建筑工作延迟了许多天。
d — used to describe something that is being kept instead of being given or revealed扣住；瞒住
They held back part of the money.
他们扣下了部分资金。
keep back the truth
隐瞒真相
4
: to or at an angle朝向；处于某个角度
The banks slant evenly back from the highway.
这些边坡与公路的倾斜角是相同的。
The doctor told her to lie back on the couch. [=to lie down on the couch] 医生让她躺在长沙发上。
When I get home from work I like to just sit/lean back on the couch and relax.
下班回家后我就喜欢坐/靠在长沙发上休息。
back of US, informal
: on the rear side of (something) : behind在…后面
There’s an old tractor out back of [=in back of] the barn.
在谷仓后面有一辆旧拖拉机。
get your own back
— see get back at get
3 back /ˈbæk/ adjective
always used before a noun
1
: of or relating to the back : located at the back后面的；位于后部的
the front door, not the back door [=the door at the back of a building] 前门，不是后门
He keeps his wallet in his back pocket.
他把钱包放在他的后兜里。
She likes to sit in the front/first row, not the back [=last] row.
她喜欢坐在前排/第一排，而不是最后一排。
We came in through the back entrance.
我们是从后面的入口进来的。
the back pages [=the last pages] of the newspaper
报纸的最后几页
back teeth
臼齿
a back room
后屋
2
: far from a central or main area偏远的；偏僻的
We drove on the back roads instead of the main roads.
我们在小道上而不是在主路上行驶。
a back alley
偏僻的小巷
3
: not yet paid : owed from an earlier time未付款的；拖欠的
The company owes him several months in back pay.
公司欠他数月工资。
back rent
拖欠的租金
4
: published at an earlier time : no longer current早期出版的；过期的
a back issue/number of a magazine
一本过期杂志
5
golf — used to refer to the final 9 holes of an 18-hole golf course（18穴高尔夫球场的）后9穴的
He was two over par on the front nine and three over par on the back nine.
他打前九穴时比标准杆数多出两杆，打后九穴时比标准杆数多出三杆。
4 back /ˈbæk/ verb
backs; backed; backing
1
[+ object] a : to give help to (someone) : support支持
I’m backing him (against the Establishment) in his struggle for reform.
我支持他为改革而进行的（反对权势集团的）斗争。
I’m backing him for President.
我支持他当总统。
b : to bet on (someone or something)对…下赌注
She backed the winner of the race and won a lot of money.
她押对了比赛的赌注，赢了很多钱。
The pundits are all backing him to become the next President. [=the pundits all think that he will become the next President] 专家们都认为他将成为下一届总统。
c : to provide evidence that supports (something)提供有利证据
She backed her argument with written evidence.
她为自己的论点提供了书面证据。
d : to provide the money that is needed for (something)资助（某物）
back a new company
资助一家新公司
back a Broadway play
资助一出百老汇戏剧
e : to sing or play music that supports (a main singer or musical instrument)（为…）伴唱，伴奏
She backed the singer on the guitar.
她弹吉他为歌手伴奏。
— often + up
A guitarist backed up the singer.
吉他手为歌手伴奏。
— see also back up (below)
2
: to move backward后退；后移
[no object] She backed into a parking space.
她倒车进入了停车位。
She backed out of the garage.
她把车倒着开出了车库。
The dog kept growling but backed off/away cautiously.
那只狗不停地吼叫着，却小心翼翼地往后退。
[+ object] Could you back [=(more commonly) back up] your car a little to give me some room?
你能把车往后倒一点给我腾出点地方吗？
— sometimes used figuratively有时用作比喻
The reporter backed her into a corner [=put her into a difficult position that was hard to get out of] with his probing questions.
记者盘根问底，将她逼人困境。
3
[+ object] : to provide (something) with a back为…提供背衬
back a skirt with stiff material
用挺括的材料为裙子做背衬
4
[no object] : to have the back toward something背对；背朝
The house fronts onto Main Street and backs onto/on the golf course. [=the back of the house faces the golf course] 这房子面朝主街，背对高尔夫球场。
back away [phrasal verb] : to move away from something or someone by walking backward退避；倒退着离开
The robber pointed a gun at the policeman and told him to back away slowly.
劫匪用枪对着警察，叫他慢慢向后退。
— often + from
The policeman slowly backed away from the robber.
警察慢慢后退，远离劫匪。
She backed away from the growling dog.
她后退着躲开了那只咆哮的狗。
— often used figuratively常用作比喻
The government seems to be backing away from its earlier proposal.
政府似乎正在背弃其先前的计划。
She has backed away from her controversial position on the death penalty.
她已经不再坚持她在死刑问题上所持的有争议的立场。
back down [phrasal verb] : to stop arguing or fighting for something让步；打退堂鼓
When threatened with a revolt of its own supporters, the government backed down.
当支持者威胁要造反时，政府放弃了原来的主张。
The strike is expected to continue because neither side is willing to back down.
罢工可能还会继续，因为双方都不愿让步。
— often + from
The government backed down from its position.
政府放弃了它的立场。
He’ll never back down from a fight.
他绝不会放弃斗争。
back into [phrasal verb] back into (something)
: to become involved in (something) without planning to become involved无意中卷入
He backed into the antiques business almost by accident when he sold some old furniture he’d inherited.
他在售卖家传旧家具时，几乎是纯属偶然地涉足了古玩业。
back off [phrasal verb] 1
: to stop arguing or fighting for something : to back down让步；打退堂鼓
He has refused to back off.
他已拒绝退让。
2
: to decide not to do something that you had agreed to do : to back out食言；反悔
The deal fell through when investors backed off.
由于投资者反悔，这笔交易告吹了。
3
: to stop bothering someone停止骚扰
She was getting irritated, so I backed off.
她正在气头上，所以我不打扰她了。
back out [phrasal verb] : to decide not to do something that you had agreed to do食言；反悔
The deal fell through when investors backed out.
由于投资者反悔，这笔交易告吹了。
— often + of
The investors backed out of the deal.
投资者退出了这笔交易。
back up [phrasal verb] 1
a : to move backward后退；倒退
The car backed up slowly.
汽车缓缓后退。
Could you back up a little to give me some room?
你能往后退点给我腾出一些地方吗？
— sometimes used figuratively有时用作比喻
Wait, let’s back up for a second. [=let’s go back to what we were discussing earlier] 等等，咱们还是暂且回到刚才的话题。
b back (a vehicle) up or back up (a vehicle) : to move (a vehicle) backward倒（车）
Could you back your car up a little to give me some room?
你能把车往后倒点给我腾出点地方吗？
2
a : to become blocked so that movement or flow is slowed or stopped堵塞；淤积
Traffic backed up for miles because of the accident.
这个事故使交通堵塞了数英里。
The drain backed up [=clogged] and had to be unclogged by a plumber.
下水道堵塞了，必须请管道工来疏通才行。
b back (something) up or back up (something) : to cause (something) to become blocked使淤积；使堵塞
The accident backed up traffic for miles. = Traffic was backed up [=(Brit) tailed back] for miles because of the accident.
这个事故使交通堵塞了数英里。
The drain was backed up.
下水道堵塞了。
3
back (someone or something) up or back up (someone or something) : to give help or support to (someone or something)支持；帮助
I’ll back you up if I think you’re right.
如果我认为你是对的，我就支持你。
She backed her argument up with written evidence. = Written evidence backed her argument up.
她用书面证据来支持自己的论点。
It’s time to back up your words with deeds!
是用行动来证明你的话的时候了！
— see also 4back 1e (above)
4
back (something) up or back up (something) computers : to make a copy of (a computer file or data) to protect it from being lost备份；存储
Remember to back up your work before you log off.
记得在退出前备份你的文件。
— see also backup