attack

一、真题好句
attack 高中必修500 全国卷频次:8 教材出处:译林版必修B1U4
/əˈtæk/
n.&v. attacks 1 attacks 1 attacking 1 attacked 2
进攻，攻击；抨击；侵袭 & 攻击，抨击

高考真题原句提选：
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.
Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip.
Many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack.
We have never had any disease or insect attack problems.
When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.

二、词组｜习惯用语
heart attack 心脏病发作
attack on 攻击
under attack 受到攻击；在攻击之下
main attack 主攻；攻击主力
angle of attack 攻角；迎角；冲角
surprise attack 奇袭，突然袭击；突袭
(make a) surprise attack 袭击
air attack 空袭
attack angle 攻角；迎角；冲角
counter attack 反攻，逆袭
sudden attack 奇袭
suicide attack 自杀式袭击
nuclear attack 核攻击
personal attack 人身攻击
panic attack 惊恐发作（一种病症）
chemical attack 化学侵蚀
come under attack 遭抨击，受到打击
attack on pearl harbor 偷袭珍珠港
cyber attack 网络攻击
sneak attack n. 偷袭

三、词根记忆

attack
v.
/n.攻擊,抨擊;著手,開始n.(病)發作The attacker cracked the racks and stacked them on the track.攻擊者打裂擱板並把它們堆在跑道上.

at·tack / E5tAk /
noun
VIOLENCE 暴力
1. [C, U] ~ (on sb) an act of using violence to try to hurt or kill sb
袭击；攻击:
a series of racist attacks
一连串的种族袭击行为
IN WAR 战争
2. [C, U] ~ (on sb / sth) an act of trying to kill or injure the enemy in war, using weapons such as guns and bombs
(在战争中使用武器的)进攻,攻击:
to launch / make / mount an attack
发起/进行攻击；发动进攻
The patrol came under attack from all sides.
巡逻队受到四面八方的攻击。
⇨ see also counter-attack
CRITICISM 批评
3. [C, U] ~ (on sb / sth) strong criticism of sb / sth in speech or in writing
(口头和书面的)抨击,非难:
a scathing attack on the government’s policies
对政府政策的猛烈抨击
The school has come under attack for failing to encourage bright pupils.
这所学校因未能鼓励聪明学生而受到非难。
ACTION TO STOP STH 制止
4. [C] ~ (on sth) an action that you take to try to stop or change sth that you feel is bad
抑制；打击；处理:
to launch an all-out attack on poverty / unemployment
全力打击贫穷/失业
OF ILLNESS 疾病
5. [C] a sudden, short period of illness, usually severe, especially an illness that you have often
(尤指常发疾病的)发作,侵袭:
to suffer an asthma attack
哮喘发作
an acute attack of food poisoning
急性食物中毒
a panic attack
一阵恐慌
(figurative) an attack of the giggles
一阵格格傻笑
⇨ see also heart attack
OF EMOTION 情感
6. [C] a sudden period of feeling an emotion such as fear
(情感的)一阵突发:
an attack of nerves
突然紧张不安
DAMAGE 损害
7. [U, C] the action of sth such as an insect, or a disease, that causes damage to sth / sb
(病虫等的)损害,伤害:
The roof timbers were affected by rot and insect attack.
屋顶的木料已经腐朽并遭虫害。
IN SPORT 体育运动
8. [sing.] (BrE) (NAmE of·fense) the players in a team whose job is to try to score goals or points
进攻队员:
Germany’s attack has been weakened by the loss of some key players through injury.
德国队几名主力队员因伤不能上场,削弱了进攻力量。
⇨ compare defence (7)
9. [C, U] the actions that players take to try to score a goal or win the game
(队员等的)进攻:
a sustained attack on the Arsenal goal
向阿森纳队球门的持续进攻
verb
USE VIOLENCE 使用暴力
1. to use violence to try to hurt or kill sb
袭击；攻击
▪ [VN] [often passive] :
A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths.
一位妇女遭到一伙年轻人袭击和抢劫。
The man attacked him with a knife.
那个男人持刀向他行凶。
▪ [V] Most dogs will not attack unless provoked.
大多数的狗受到挑衅才会攻击。
IN WAR 战争
2. to use weapons, such as guns and bombs against an enemy in a war, etc.
(在战争等中使用武器)进攻,攻击:
▪ [VN] At dawn the army attacked the town.
军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动攻击。
▪ [V] The guerrillas attack at night.
游击队在夜间发动袭击。
CRITICIZE 批评
3. [VN] ~ sb / sth (for sth / for doing sth) to criticize sb / sth severely
抨击；非难:
a newspaper article attacking the England football manager
报纸上的一篇抨击英格兰足球队经理的文章
She has been attacked for ignoring her own party members.
她因漠视本党党员而受到非难。
DAMAGE 损害
4. [VN] to have a harmful effect on sth
侵袭；损害:
a disease that attacks the brain
侵袭大脑的疾病
The vines were attacked by mildew.
葡萄藤受到了霉菌的侵害。
DO STH WITH ENERGY 奋力做
5. [VN] to deal with sth with a lot of energy and determination
奋力处理；全力对付:
Let’s attack six problem at a time.
咱们一次全力处理一个问题。
IN SPORT 体育运动
6. [V] to go forward in a game in order to try to score goals or points
进攻
⇨ compare defend (3) :
Spain attacked more in the second half and deserved a goal.
西班牙队在下半场加强攻势,攻进了一球。

attack1 /əˈtæk/ ●●● S2 W2 noun
1  VIOLENCE AGAINST SB/STH 攻击某人/某物的暴力 [countable] an act of violence that is intended to hurt a person or damage a place 袭击，攻击
attack on
There have been several attacks on foreigners recently.
最近发生了几宗袭击外国人的事件。
a bomb attack
炸弹袭击
a knife attack
持刀攻击
an arson attack (=an attempt to destroy a building using fire)
纵火袭击
victims of racial attacks
种族袭击的受害者
2  IN A WAR 战争中 [countable, uncountable] the act of using weapons against an enemy in a war 进攻，攻击
The attack began at dawn.
进攻在拂晓开始。
attack on
the attack on Pearl Harbor
袭击珍珠港
be/come under attack 遭到抨击
Once again we came under attack from enemy fighter planes.
我们再一次遭到敌军战斗机的袭击。
Rebel forces launched (=started) an attack late Sunday night.
周日深夜，叛军发动攻击。
air/missile/nuclear etc attack
the threat of nuclear attack
核攻击的威胁
3  CRITICISM 批评 [countable, uncountable] a strong and direct criticism of someone or something 抨击，非难，责骂
attack on
The magazine recently published a vicious personal attack on the novelist.
那本杂志最近发表文章，对这名小说家进行恶意的人身攻击。
be/come under attack (=be strongly criticized) 遭到抨击
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory.
那家公司因决定关闭工厂而受到猛烈抨击。
go on the attack (=start to criticize someone severely) 严厉批评
4  ILLNESS 疾病 [countable] a sudden short period of suffering from an illness, especially an illness that you have often 突然发作
attack of
I had a bad attack of flu at Christmas.
圣诞节时我得了重感冒。
He died after suffering a severe asthma attack.
他哮喘严重发作后去世。
→ heart attack
5  EMOTION 情绪 [countable] a short period of time when you suddenly feel extremely frightened or worried and cannot think normally or deal with the situation 〔情绪的〕一阵侵袭
panic/anxiety attack
Her heart began to pound frantically, as if she were having a panic attack.
她的心开始狂跳，仿佛恐惧突然袭来。
attack of
a sudden attack of nerves
突然的一阵紧张
6  ATTEMPT TO STOP STH 阻止某事的企图 [countable, uncountable] actions that are intended to get rid of or stop something such as a system, a set of laws etc 〔对体制、法律等的〕冲击
attack on
The new measures were seen by many as an attack on the Scottish way of life.
许多人认为新措施是对苏格兰生活方式的冲击。
7  SPORT 体育
8  DAMAGE 损害 [countable, uncountable] when something such as a disease, insect, or chemical damages something 〔病、虫或化学物的〕损害，伤害
 THESAURUS
Related topics: Sport
attack2 ●●● S3 W2 verb
1  USE VIOLENCE 使用暴力 [intransitive, transitive] to deliberately use violence to hurt a person or damage a place 袭击，殴打；破坏
2  IN A WAR 在战争中 [intransitive, transitive] to start using guns, bombs etc against an enemy in a war 进攻，袭击
3  CRITICIZE 批评 [transitive] to criticize someone or something very strongly 抨击，责难
4  DAMAGE 破坏 [transitive] if something such as a disease, insect, or chemical attacks something, it damages it 〔病、虫或化学物〕给…造成伤害；侵袭，侵蚀
5  BEGIN DOING 开始做 [transitive] to begin to do something in a determined and eager way 着手积极处理
6  SPORT 体育 [intransitive, transitive] to move forward and try to score goals or win points 进攻 → defend
 THESAURUS
Origin attack2 (1600-1700) French attaquer, from Old Italian attaccare “to attach”, from stacca “sharp post”

attack ★★★★★
1.VERB 动词攻击；进攻 To attack a person or place means to try to hurt or damage them using physical violence.

【语法信息】：V n

【语法信息】：V

【语法信息】：V-ing
Fifty civilians in Masawa were killed when government planes attacked the town…

马萨瓦市遭到政府军飞机轰炸，有50名平民丧生。

He bundled the old lady into her hallway and brutally attacked her…

他将老妇人推到她家走廊上，并对她一顿暴打。

While Haig and Foch argued, the Germans attacked…

黑格和福克正在争论时，德国人发起了进攻。

The infantry would use hit and run tactics to slow attacking forces.

步兵团可能会使用打了就跑的战术来阻滞进攻部队。

Attack is also a noun.
…a campaign of air attacks on strategic targets…

对战略目标的空袭行动

Refugees had come under attack from federal troops.

难民遭到了联邦军队的袭击。

2.VERB 动词抨击;强烈指责;非难 If you attack a person, belief, idea, or act, you criticize them strongly.

【语法信息】：V n

【语法信息】：V n for -ing

【语法信息】：Also V n as n/adj
He publicly attacked the people who’ve been calling for secret ballot nominations…

他公开抨击了那些主张用不记名投票方式确定任命人选的人。

A newspaper ran an editorial attacking him for being a showman.

一家报纸发表社论，批评他善于作秀。

Attack is also a noun.
The role of the state as a prime mover in planning social change has been under attack…

国家扮演的规划社会变革的原动力角色颇受争议。

The committee yesterday launched a scathing attack on British business for failing to invest.

昨天，该委员会严厉指责了英国商界未进行投资。

3.VERB 动词（疾病、化学药品、昆虫等）攻击，侵蚀，破坏 If something such as a disease, a chemical, or an insect attacks something, it harms or spoils it.

【语法信息】：V n
The virus seems to have attacked his throat…

病毒看来已经侵蚀到他喉部了。

Several key crops failed when they were attacked by pests.

一些主要农作物由于遭受虫害而歉收。

Attack is also a noun.
The virus can actually destroy those white blood cells, leaving the body wide open to attack from other infections.

该病毒实际上会破坏那些白血球，使身体极易受到其他传染病感染。

4.VERB 动词（积极地）解决（问题），开展（工作） If you attack a job or a problem, you start to deal with it in an energetic way.

【语法信息】：V n
Any attempt to attack the budget problem is going to have to in some way deal with those issues.

要解决预算问题，在某种程度上就必须解决那些问题。

5.VERB 动词（在足球等比赛中）进攻 In games such as football, when one team attacks the opponent’s goal, they try to score a goal.

【语法信息】：V n

【语法信息】：V
Now the US is controlling the ball and attacking the opponent’s goal…

现在美国队控球，向对方球门展开了进攻。

The goal was just reward for Villa’s decision to attack constantly in the second half.

在下半场，维拉队持续进攻的打法为他们赢得了这个进球。

Attack is also a noun.
Lee was at the hub of some incisive attacks in the second half.

在下半场，李组织了几次快速进攻。

attacking
Manchester City will play a more attacking style of football.

曼城队将大打攻势足球。

6.N-COUNT 可数名词（疾病短时间的）侵袭，发作 An attack of an illness is a short period in which you suffer badly from it.

【搭配模式】：with supp
It had brought on an attack of asthma.

这引发了哮喘。

7.See also:counter-attack;heart attack;

1 attack /əˈtæk/ verb
attacks; attacked; attacking
1
: to act violently against (someone or something) : to try to hurt, injure, or destroy (something or someone)攻击；进攻
[+ object] He attacked the guard with a knife.
他用一把匕首攻击卫兵。
Troops attacked the fortress at dawn.
部队在黎明时向要塞发起进攻。
— often used as (be) attacked常用作(be) attacked
He was attacked by a dog.
他被一只狗攻击。
He was attacked from behind by two men.
他被两个男人从背后袭击。
[no object] Suddenly, the dog attacked.
突然，那条狗扑了上去。
The troops attacked at dawn.
黎明时部队发起进攻。
2
[+ object] : to criticize (someone or something) in a very harsh and severe way抨击；非难
The study has been attacked as unscientific. [=people have criticized the study by saying that it is unscientific] 这项研究受到抨击，被指不符合科学方法。
People are attacking the mayor for breaking campaign promises.
人们抨击市长违背竞选诺言。
The professor has been widely attacked for her position on the issue.
那位女教授因在这个问题上的立场而受到很多人抨击。
3
[+ object] a : to begin to work on or deal with (something, such as a problem) in a determined and eager way大刀阔斧地干；全力处理
We eagerly attacked the problem. [=we eagerly tried to solve the problem] 我们非常急于解决这个问题。
b : to begin to eat (food) eagerly狼吞虎咽地吃
Did you see the way the kids attacked that pizza?
你看见孩子们大吃比萨饼的样子了吗？
4
[+ object] : to begin to harm, injure, or destroy (something)侵袭；侵害；损害
The virus attacks the body’s immune system.
病毒侵袭了人体的免疫系统。
A number of trees have been attacked by the disease.
许多树遭到这种疾病的侵害。
Insects have attacked the crops.
昆虫侵袭了这片庄稼。
5
sports : to try to score points or goals by moving forward in a very forceful way（体育比赛中）进攻
[no object] The team attacked from the outset, so it was no surprise that they won.
这个球队从一开赛就进攻，难怪他们获胜。
[+ object] The offense attacked the weak defensive line.
进攻队员攻击了对方薄弱的防线。
— attacker noun, plural attackers [count] She was able to identify her attacker, and he was later brought to trial.
她辨认出了袭击她的人，那个男人后来被送交法庭审判。
The defense trapped the attacker and got the ball back.
防守队员遏制住了进攻队员，把球抢了回来。
2 attack /əˈtæk/ noun
plural attacks
1
a [count] : a violent, harmful, or destructive act against someone or something攻击；进攻
dog/shark attacks = attacks by dogs/sharks
狗/鲨鱼的攻击
One of the patients was the victim of a knife attack. [=an attack made using a knife] 有一个病人遭到匕首攻击。
— often + on
There have been a number of attacks on women on the campus.
校园内发生了多起女性遭袭事件。
b : harmful or destructive action against something by a disease, insect, chemical, etc.（疾病、害虫、化学药品等的）侵害，破坏
[noncount] The immune system is the body’s defense against attack by germs.
免疫系统是人体抵抗细菌侵入的防线。
[count] The spray protects plants from attacks by many common pests.
喷雾杀虫剂使植物免受许多常见害虫的侵害。
2
: an attempt by a military force to defeat an enemy : a military offensive军事进攻；军事攻击
[count] an air/ground attack = an attack made from the air/ground
空中打击；地面攻击
The surprise attack came at dawn.
突袭在黎明时发起。
[noncount] There is a threat of nuclear attack.
存在核武器攻击的危险。
3
[count] : strong or severe criticism抨击；非难
There have been many attacks against the professor for her position on the issue.
教授因她对此事的立场受到不少抨击。
a verbal attack
言语攻击
The newspaper editorial is an attack on policy-makers.
报纸的这篇社评是对决策者们的抨击。
4
[count] : a sudden short period of suffering from an illness or of being affected by a strong emotion（疾病或强烈情绪的）突然发作
an asthma attack
哮喘发作
a panic/anxiety attack
一阵恐慌/焦虑
— often + of
an attack of the flu
流感突发
an attack of food poisoning
食物中毒
an attack of nerves/melancholy
突然感到紧张/悲伤
— sometimes used figuratively有时用作比喻
an attack of the giggles
突然一阵咯咯傻笑
He had an unexpected attack of goodness and helped us out.
他突然发善心，帮我们摆脱了困境。
— see also heart attack
5
[count] : an attempt to destroy or end something努力消除；抑制 — often + on
City leaders have called for an attack on poverty.
市领导们呼吁努力消除贫困。
Local schools are mounting an attack on racism.
当地学校正在努力消除种族歧视。
6
: a method of dealing with something (such as a problem)解决问题的方法
[count] Each problem calls for a different attack.
每个问题都要有不同的解决方法。
[noncount] The current approach isn’t working. I think we need a new plan of attack. [=a new idea of how to do what we are trying to do] 目前的方法行不通。我想我们需要一个新的解决方案。
7
sports
a [count] : an attempt by a player or group of players to score points, goals, or runs（体育比赛中的）进攻 — usually singular通常用单数
They had a sustained attack but could not score.
他们一直在进攻，但没有得分。
The players carried the attack deep into the opponent’s side of the field.
球员带球长驱直入，攻入对方端区。
They won the game in the last two innings with an 8-hit attack. [=they won the game by getting eight hits in the last two innings] 他们在最后两局击中8分赢得了比赛。
b British : the players on a team who try to score : offense进攻队员
[singular] The team’s attack has been weakened by injury.
那个球队的进攻队员由于负伤而攻击力减弱。
[noncount] He will play in attack. [=(US) on offense] 他将打进攻位。
on the attack
: making an attack发起进攻；攻击
The soldiers were on the attack. [=were attacking the enemy] 士兵们正在向敌人进攻。
The team was on the attack [=was aggressively trying to score] for most of the first half.
球队在上半场大部分时间里一直在进攻。
The team went on the attack [=began to attack] and quickly scored a goal.
球队开始进攻，很快就进球得分了。
The candidate went on the attack and accused his opponent of lying.
这名候选人开始攻击，指责他的对手撒谎。
Opponents of the project went on the attack and defeated the land sale.
这个项目的反对者们发起攻击，使土地出售计划落空。
under attack
: being affected or hurt by an attack : being attacked遭受攻击；受到袭击
The troops were under attack [=were being attacked by the enemy] throughout the day.
部队一整天都遭受着敌方攻击。
The troops suddenly came under attack. [=began to be attacked] 部队突然遭袭。
The new policy has come under attack [=has been strongly criticized] by environmentalists.
这项新政策受到环保主义者的抨击。
3 attack /əˈtæk/ adjective
always used before a noun
: designed for or used in a military attack用于军事打击的
an attack helicopter/submarine
攻击型直升机/潜艇
The bombers were in attack formation.
轰炸机摆成攻击队形。