afraid

一、真题好句
afraid 义务阶段1500 全国卷频次:32
/əˈfreɪd/
a.
害怕的，担心
高考真题原句提选：
I’m afraid you’re going to be disappointed.
Don’t be afraid of asking for help when it is needed.
Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help.

二、词组｜习惯用语
afraid of 害怕
i’m afraid 我害怕；恐怕

三、词根记忆词典

afraid
adj.
害怕的,恐懼的;犯愁的,不樂意的Without my aid I’m afraid the maiden would have been raided.沒有我的幫助我怕少女已遭到襲擊.

afraid / E5freid /
adjective
[not before noun] 1. ~ (of sb / sth) | ~ (of doing sth) | ~ (to do sth) feeling fear; frightened because you think that you might be hurt or suffer
害怕,畏惧(可能受伤害、受苦):
Don’t be afraid.
别怕。
It’s all over. There’s nothing to be afraid of now.
一切都结束了。现在没有什么可怕的了。
Are you afraid of spiders?
你怕蜘蛛吗？
I started to feel afraid of going out alone at night.
我开始害怕夜间单独外出了。
She was afraid to open the door.
她不敢开门。
2. ~ of doing sth | ~ to do sth | ~ (that…) worried about what might happen
担心(会发生某事):
She was afraid of upsetting her parents.
她担心会使她父母不安。
Don’t be afraid to ask if you don’t understand.
你要是不懂,尽管问好了。
We were afraid (that) we were going to capsize the boat.
我们担心会把船弄翻。
3. ~ for sb / sth worried or frightened that sth unpleasant, dangerous, etc. will happen to a particular person or thing
担心,生怕(将发生不快、不幸或危险的事):
I’m not afraid for me, but for the baby.
我担心的不是自己,而是婴儿。
They had already fired three people and he was afraid for his job.
他们已经解雇了三人,所以他为他的工作担忧。
IDIOMS
▪ I’m afraid
used as a polite way of telling sb sth that is unpleasant or disappointing, or that you are sorry about
(礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事)我怕,恐怕,很遗憾,对不起:
I can’t help you, I’m afraid.
对不起,我帮不了你的忙。
I’m afraid we can’t come.
很遗憾,我们来不了。
I’m afraid that it’s not finished yet.
此事恐怕还没有完。
He’s no better, I’m afraid to say.
我很抱歉地说,他一点也不见好转。
‘Is there any left?’ ‘ I’m afraid not.’
“还有剩的没有？” “恐怕没有。”
‘Will it hurt?’ ‘ I’m afraid so.’
“那痛不痛？” “恐怕会痛。”

四、辨析

adj. (形容词)

be afraid of v-ing, be afraid to-v

• afraid 后面可接动名词(其前加of),也可接动词不定式,一般说,这两种说法的意思没有多少区别。例如：
• I’m afraid of flying〔to fly〕.我害怕坐飞机。
• I’m afraid of diving〔to dive〕 into the swimming-pool.我不想在游泳池里跳水。
• He is afraid to see〔of seeing〕 you again.他怕再见到你。
• 有时这两种说法在含义上有差别,例如：
• She was afraid of waking her husband up.
• 她怕吵醒丈夫。
• She was afraid to wake her husband up.
• 她不敢喊醒丈夫。
• 前者的含义是“她不想打扰他,可能因为他病了或累了,需要休息”,而后者的含义则是“她不敢喊醒他,怕他生气”。前者注意的是“无意的后果”,后者注意的则是“有意的行为”。
• 正是因为有上述差别,所以,当谈论那些我们自己并不希望也不能决定而突然降临到我们头上的事情时,只能用 v -ing形式,而不能用不定式。例如：
• I’m afraid of crashing.我害怕撞车。
• 如果说 I’m afraid to crash,则意味着“我不敢撞车。”再如：“我们害怕被抢劫。”只能说We are afraid of being robbed.“我不爱讲法语,因为我怕讲错。”只能说I don’t like to speak French because I’m afraid of making mistakes.“我怕摔进游泳池里。”也只能说I’m afraid of falling into the swimming-pool.

be afraid of, be afraid for

• 这两个短语含义不同,前者的含义是“害怕”,后接的名词是令人害怕或具有危险的事物; 而后者的含义是“替…担心”,后接的名词是令人担心或处于危险之中的事物。试比较以下两组例子：
• I am afraid of that old man.
• 我害怕那老头儿。
• I am afraid for that old man.
• 我替那老头儿担心。
• She was afraid of the job.
• 她害怕那工作。
• She was afraid for her job.
• 她害怕失去工作。

afraid, fear

• 这两个词都是“害怕”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.afraid 是形容词, fear是动词(也可作名词)。be afraid of=fear, be afraid of v -ing = fear to- v 。例如：
• There is nothing to fear〔to be afraid of〕.没有什么好怕的。
• I fear offending him.〔I am afraid of offending him.〕我怕得罪他。
• We are not afraid of difficulties.〔We fear no difficulty.〕我们不怕困难。
• 2.在非正式场合, be afraid (of)比fear常用得多。例如：
• Are you afraid of the dark?天这么黑了,你害怕吗?
• 虽然Do you fear the dark?也是可以的,但是在口语里不大这么说。

afraid, frightened

• 这两个词都是“害怕”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.afraid是形容词,或泛指一种恐惧心理,或用于习惯的、经常的“惧怕”; frightened是过去分词用作形容词,故仍保存着强烈的动作意味,表示为某一突然的特殊事物所“吓着”。例如：
• She was frightened by a strange noise outside the window.她被窗外一声怪叫吓了一跳。
• The boy was almost frightened out of his life.那小孩被吓得魂不附体。
• She was very much frightened at the sight of the traffic accident.她一看到那次交通事故,心里害怕极了。
• The child was frightened by the thunder and started to cry.这孩子被雷声吓得哭起来了。
• 2.afraid一般只作表语; 而frightened既可作表语,又可作定语。例如：
• a frightened child受惊的孩子
• a frightened bird一只受惊的小鸟
• 3.搭用的介词也有所不同, afraid后只能用of; 而frightened后除可用of外,还可用at, by, about。例如：
• frightened of dogs怕狗
• frightened at〔by〕 the arrival of the police害怕警察的到来
• frightened about difficulty怕困难
• 4.frightened后可接by短语,而afraid则不能。
• 5.frightened后可接表示程度的介词短语作状语,而afraid则不能。例如:
• frightened to death被吓死
• frightened out of one’s life吓得要命
• frightened into submission被吓得屈服了

afraid, awful, fearful, frightful, horrible, scared, terrible

• 这组词都有“可怕的”“害怕的”意思。其区别在于:afraid泛指一种“恐惧心理”,多用于习惯地、经常地“惧怕”; awful指由于过分的崇敬或畏惧而引起的害怕,但不厌恶,有较庄严的含义; fearful指预感到危险、失败或麻烦时而恐惧,也指担心可能发生的结果,侧重于主体的心里感觉,而与外界关系不大; scared主要指因身心遭受伤害而恐惧,也指不明根源的无形恐惧; frightful指巨大的或令人意外的事件给人带来的害怕或惊骇; terrible和horrible都可指感情上的厌恶,令人感到不舒服, horrible更甚,指碰到的怪诞的、丑陋的、危险的事物或道德上腐败堕落的行为所引起的强烈的情绪波动,还特指依靠恐怖的或可怕的事物取得吓人的效果。例如:
• We are afraid to walk in the park at night since the woman was killed there.我们害怕夜里在那公园里走路,因为那个女人是在那儿被害的。
• The old man believed that God has an awful power.这位老人相信上帝具有令人敬畏的能力。
• The playwright was fearful that the opening night would be a failure.剧作家担心首场演出会失败。
• Frightful earthquakes occur somewhere on the earth every year.每年地球上常不定期在什么地方发生可怕的地震。
• A horrible sight met her eyes.一幅令人毛骨悚然的景象出现在她的眼前。
• Nothing can erase from her mind the memory of that terrible day.没有什么东西可以消除她头脑里对那可怕的一天的记忆。

I am afraid,I regret

• 这两者在有些句子里(例如都用作表示道歉的客气话时)意思上和语气上没有明显的差别,可以互换。例如：
• I am afraid〔I regret〕 that I shall not be able to attend the party.我恐怕不能参加这次聚会〔很遗憾,我不能参加这次聚会〕。
• 但一般情况下,这两者在含义上还是多少有些差别的。I am afraid…表示说话人多少有些不情愿的情绪,而I regret则重在表示说话人感到遗憾的心理。例如：
• I am afraid she didn’t tell the truth.
• 我恐怕她没有说实话。
• I regret that she didn’t tell the truth.
• 很遗憾她没有说实话。
• 前者的含义是“我并不愿意把这一点说穿”,后者的含义是“她应该说实话,遗憾的是她并没有这样做”。

下面的句子具有两种含义：

• He was afraid of dying.
• 他怕死。
• 他恐怕将会死。

下面两个句子的含义不同：

• They shouted to me to jump the ditch but I was afraid.
• 他们叫我跳过壕沟,可是我不敢。
• They shouted to me to jump the ditch but I was afraid to.
• 他们叫我跳过壕沟,可是我不敢跳。

afraid /əˈfreɪd/ ●●● S1 W2 adjective [not before noun] 1  frightened because you think that you may get hurt or that something bad may happen 害怕的，恐惧的 SYN scared
be/feel afraid
There’s no need to be afraid.
没有必要害怕。
afraid of something
kids who are afraid of the dark
怕黑的孩子
afraid of doing something
He was afraid of being caught by the police.
他怕被警察抓住。
afraid to do something
Zoe was afraid to go back into the house.
佐伊有点害怕回到那幢房子里。
► see thesaurus at frightened
Register
2  worried that something bad will happen as a result of your actions 担心的，忧虑的
afraid (that)
He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him.
他担心其他孩子会嘲笑他。
afraid of doing something
I didn’t tell her because I was afraid of upsetting her.
我没有告诉她，因为怕她不高兴。
afraid of something
The government was afraid of the reaction from the public.
政府担心民众强烈抗议。
afraid to do something
Don’t be afraid to ask for help.
不要怕寻求帮助。
3  afraid for somebody/something worried that something bad may happen to a particular person or thing 为某人/某事担心
Her father looked ill and she was suddenly afraid for him.
她父亲似乎不舒服，她一下子为他担心起来。
Many of us were afraid for our jobs.
我们许多人为自己的工作担心。
4  I’m afraid spoken used to politely tell someone something that may annoy, upset, or disappoint them 恐怕，很遗憾
That’s the most we can offer you, I’m afraid.
恐怕我们最多只能给你这些了。
I’m afraid (that)
I’m afraid you’ve come to the wrong address.
恐怕你找错地址了。
‘Is she very ill?’ ‘I’m afraid so (=yes).’
“她病得很厉害吗？”“恐怕是的。”
‘Did you see him?’ ‘I’m afraid not (=no).’
“你见到他了吗？”“很遗憾，没有。”

afraid ★★★☆☆
1.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词害怕的；恐惧的 If you are afraid of someone or afraid to do something, you are frightened because you think that something very unpleasant is going to happen to you.

【搭配模式】：v-link ADJ
She did not seem at all afraid…

她毫无惧色。

I was afraid of the other boys…

我害怕其他的男孩们。

I’m still afraid to sleep in my own bedroom.

我还是不敢在自己的卧室里睡觉。

2.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词担心的；忧虑的 If you are afraid for someone else, you are worried that something horrible is going to happen to them.

【搭配模式】：v-link ADJ
She’s afraid for her family in Somalia.

她为身在索马里的家人担心。

3.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词顾忌的；犯愁的 If you are afraid that something unpleasant will happen, you are worried that it may happen and you want to avoid it.

【搭配模式】：v-link ADJ
I was afraid that nobody would believe me…

我担心没有人会相信我。

The Government is afraid of losing the election…

现届政府担心会在选举中落败。

4.PHRASE 短语（用以道歉或婉转地提出异议）很抱歉，很遗憾，恐怕 If you want to apologize to someone or to disagree with them in a polite way, you can say I’m afraid.

【搭配模式】：PHR with cl

【语用信息】：politeness

【STYLE标签】：SPOKEN 口语
We don’t have anything like that, I’m afraid…

我们恐怕没有那样的东西。

I’m afraid I can’t help you…

恐怕我帮不了你。

‘Bad news?’ — ‘I’m afraid so.’

“坏消息吗？”——“恐怕是。”

afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adjective
not used before a noun
1
[more afraid; most afraid] : feeling fear害怕；恐惧: such as
a : worried that something will cause pain or injury害怕（疼痛或受伤）
Don’t be afraid [=frightened, scared]—the dog won’t hurt you.
别害怕，这只狗不会咬你的。
— often + of
I don’t like tall buildings because I’m afraid of heights. [=of being high up in the air] 我不喜欢很高的楼，因为我恐高。
He’s afraid of snakes.
他害怕蛇。
All the kids at school were afraid of him.
学校的所有孩子都怕他。
b : nervous about doing something害怕，畏惧（做某事） — often + of
She’s afraid of failing/failure.
她害怕失败。
He wasn’t afraid of saying what he thought.
他不怕说出他的想法。
Don’t be afraid of [=don’t worry about] what everyone else thinks.
不要担心别人怎么想。
— often followed by to + verb常接动词不定式
He wasn’t afraid to say what he thought.
他不怕说出他的想法。
I wanted to visit her, but I was afraid to ask.
我想去看望她，但我又不敢问。
Don’t be afraid to take risks.
不要害怕冒险。
c : nervous or worried that something might happen担心，害怕（某事会发生）
She’s afraid (that) she might fail.
她生怕自己会失败。
We were all afraid (that) she wouldn’t live.
我们大家全都担心她会死去。
I’m afraid (that) everyone will laugh at me.
我担心大家会笑话我。
I was afraid (that) you would say “no.”
我担心你会说“不”。
2
— used in the phrase I’m afraid as a polite way of showing that you are sorry about a disappointing, negative, or critical statement我恐怕，不好意思（用作委婉说法，表达令人不快的、否定的或批评性话语）
I’m sorry, but I’m afraid (that) I won’t be able to come to your party.
对不起，我恐怕不能参加你的聚会了。
She tries hard, but I’m afraid that her work just isn’t very good.
她很努力，但我不得不说她的活儿干得还不是非常好。
I’m afraid that I still don’t understand the problem.
不好意思，我还是搞不明白这个问题。
This is only the beginning of the battle, I’m afraid.
我担心这只是战争的开始。
Most of us worked very hard, but she, I’m afraid to say [=I’m sorry to say; I regret to say], did no work at all.
我们当中的绝大多数人工作都很努力，但我很遗憾地说，她什么都没干。
“Is it raining?” “I’m afraid so.” = “I’m afraid it is.” [=yes, it is] “下雨了吗？”“恐怕是的。”
“Can you come to our party?” “I’m afraid not.” = “I’m afraid I can’t.” [=no, I can’t come] “你能来参加我们的聚会吗？”“我恐怕来不了。”
3
— used with not to say that someone is willing to do something（与not连用）表示愿意做某事 — often + of
She’s not afraid of hard work. = She’s not afraid of working hard. [=she’s willing to work hard; she works hard] 她工作肯吃苦。
You can’t be afraid of getting dirty in this job. [=you have to be willing to get dirty in this job] 你干这份工作就不能怕脏了。
— often followed by to + verb常接动词不定式
She’s not afraid to work hard.
她工作肯吃苦。
He’s not afraid to admit his mistakes.
他敢于承认错误。
afraid for
: feeling fear or worry about (something or someone)害怕；担心；焦虑
I’m afraid for the children.
我很担心这几个孩子。
They were afraid for their lives. [=they feared for their lives; they were afraid that they might die] 他们担心自己的生命安全。
He’s afraid for his job. [=he’s worried that he might lose his job] 他担心会失去工作。