abstract
- adj. 抽象的；理论的；抽象派的
- n. 摘要；抽象派艺术作品
- v. (/æbˈstrækt/)把…抽象出；提取；抽取；转移(注意力等)；做…的摘要；<婉>偷
考点牛津朗文柯林韦氏
一、词义分析
abstract
a.
抽象的n.摘要,梗概vt.提取;摘錄要點The distracted reader can’t be absorbed in the abstract extract.心神紛亂的讀者無法專心於抽象的節錄.
抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract拉→被拉開→心不在焉)[ab-,abs-加在詞根前,表示”相反,變壞,離去”等]
v.
抽出a.抽象的(abs離開+tract→拉出,抽出)[tract=draw,表示”拉,拖”]
二、习惯用语
in the abstract 抽象地；理论上；概括地
abstract art n. 抽象派；抽象主义
abstract class [计]抽象类（不允许实例化的类）
abstract thinking 抽象思维；抽象思考能力
abstract painting 抽象画；抽象绘画
abstract noun 抽象名词
abstract factory 抽象工厂
abstract data type [计]抽象数据类型
abstract expressionism n. 抽象表现主义
abstract idea 抽象观念
abstract algebra 抽象代数
abstract away from 对…不予考虑
ab·stractadjective/ 5AbstrAkt /
1. based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation
抽象的(与个别情况相对)；纯理论的:
abstract knowledge / principles
理论知识；抽象原理
The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.
研究表明,学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。
⇨ compare concrete adj. (2)
2. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical reality
抽象的(与具体经验相对):
We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.
我们尽可谈论美的事物,但美本身却是抽象的。
3. (of art 艺术) not representing people or things in a realistic way, but expressing the artist’s ideas about them
抽象(派)的
⇨ compare figurative (2), representational
• ab·stract·ly adv.noun/ 5AbstrAkt /
1. an abstract work of art
抽象派艺术作品
2. a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document
(文献等的)摘要,概要
SYN summary
IDIOMS
▪ in the ‘abstract
in a general way, without referring to a particular real person, thing or situation
抽象地；理论上verb/ Ab5strAkt /
▪ [VN] 1. ~ sth (from sth) to remove sth from somewhere
把…抽象出；提取；抽取；分离:
She abstracted the main points from the argument.
她把论据概括成要点。
a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river
从这条河中抽取 800 万加仑水的计划
2. (technical 术语) to make a written summary of a book, etc.
写出(书等的)摘要
1. based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation
抽象的(与个别情况相对)；纯理论的:
abstract knowledge / principles
理论知识；抽象原理
The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.
研究表明,学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。
⇨ compare concrete adj. (2)
2. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical reality
抽象的(与具体经验相对):
We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.
我们尽可谈论美的事物,但美本身却是抽象的。
3. (of art 艺术) not representing people or things in a realistic way, but expressing the artist’s ideas about them
抽象(派)的
⇨ compare figurative (2), representational
• ab·stract·ly adv.noun/ 5AbstrAkt /
1. an abstract work of art
抽象派艺术作品
2. a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document
(文献等的)摘要,概要
SYN summary
IDIOMS
▪ in the ‘abstract
in a general way, without referring to a particular real person, thing or situation
抽象地；理论上verb/ Ab5strAkt /
▪ [VN] 1. ~ sth (from sth) to remove sth from somewhere
把…抽象出；提取；抽取；分离:
She abstracted the main points from the argument.
她把论据概括成要点。
a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river
从这条河中抽取 800 万加仑水的计划
2. (technical 术语) to make a written summary of a book, etc.
写出(书等的)摘要
abstract1 /ˈæbstrækt/ ●●○ AWL adjective
1 based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events 纯理论的，纯概念的，抽象的 SYN theoretical
abstract idea/concept etc
the ability to translate abstract ideas into words
将抽象概念转换成文字的能力
By the age of seven, children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.
儿童到了七岁就具有抽象思维的能力。
Human beings are the only creatures capable of abstract thought (=thinking about ideas).
人类是唯一具有抽象思维能力的动物。
2 existing only as an idea or quality rather than as something real that you can see or touch 抽象的，无形的 OPP concrete
the abstract nature of beauty
美的抽象本质
3. abstract paintings, designs etc consist of shapes and patterns that do not look like real people or things 〔画、设计等〕抽象（派）的
→ abstract nounPainting and drawing, Newspapers, printing, publishing
abstract2 ●○○ AWL noun [countable]
1. a painting, design etc which contains shapes or images that do not look like real things or people 抽象画；抽象派作品 → see picture at 见图 painting
2. a short written statement containing only the most important ideas in a speech, article etc 摘要，概要
3 in the abstract considered in a general way rather than being based on specific details and examples 抽象地，概括地，从理论上说
Talking about crime in the abstract just isn’t enough.
抽象地谈论犯罪根本不足以说明问题。
abstract3 /əbˈstrækt, æb-/ AWL verb [transitive]
1. to write a document containing the most important ideas or points from a speech, article etc 写…的摘要
2. formal to remove something from somewhere 抽取，提取；使分离
Origin abstract1
(1300-1400) Latin past participle of abstrahere, from abs- “away” + trahere “to pull”
abstract ★★☆☆☆
The adjective and noun are pronounced /’æbstrækt/. The verb is pronounced /æb’strækt/. 形容词和名词读作 /’æbstrækt/。动词读作 /æb’strækt/。
1.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词抽象的；纯概念的 An abstract idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than on real things and events.
- …abstract principles such as justice…
正义等抽象原则
- It’s not a question of some abstract concept.
这不是某个抽象概念的问题。
- …the faculty of abstract reasoning.
抽象推理的能力
abstractly
- It is hard to think abstractly in these conditions.
在这样的情况下进行抽象思维很困难。
2.PHRASE 短语大体上；理论上；抽象地 When you talk or think about something in the abstract, you talk or think about it in a general way, rather than considering particular things or events.
【搭配模式】：PHR with cl/group
- Money was a commodity she never thought about except in the abstract.
钱对她来说就是个抽象的东西，她从不去想钱。
3.ADJ 形容词（名词)抽象的，表示抽象概念的 In grammar, an abstract noun refers to a quality or idea rather than to a physical object.
【搭配模式】：ADJ n
- …abstract words such as glory, honor, and courage.
抽象名词，如光荣、荣耀和勇气
4.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词（艺术)抽象（派）的 Abstract art makes use of shapes and patterns rather than showing people or things.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
- …a modern abstract painting.
一幅现代派抽象画
5.N-COUNT 可数名词抽象派艺术作品 An abstract is an abstract work of art.
6.N-COUNT 可数名词摘要;梗概 An abstract of an article, document, or speech is a short piece of writing that gives the main points of it.
【搭配模式】：oft N of n
7.VERB 动词提取；抽取；摘取 If you abstract something from a place, you take it from there.
【语法信息】：V n from n
【语法信息】：Also V n
【STYLE标签】：FORMAL 正式
- …a licence to abstract water from the River Axe…
从阿克斯河中抽水的许可证
- The author has abstracted poems from earlier books.
作者从以前的书中摘取了一些诗作。
1 abstract /æbˈstrækt/ /ˈæbˌstrækt/ adjective
[more abstract; most abstract]
1
: relating to or involving general ideas or qualities rather than specific people, objects, or actions抽象的
-
abstract thinking抽象思维
-
abstract ideas/concepts such as love and hate诸如“爱”和恨”这样的抽象概念
-
“Honesty” is an abstract word.“诚实”是个抽象的词。
-
The word “poem” is concrete, the word “poetry” is abstract.“诗”这个词是具体的，“诗歌”则是抽象的。
— opposite 2concrete 2
2
of art : expressing ideas and emotions by using elements such as colors and lines without attempting to create a realistic picture（艺术）抽象的，抽象派的
-
abstract art抽象派艺术
-
an abstract painting/painter抽象派画作/画家
— abstractly
/æbˈstræktli/ adverb
-
a child learning to think abstractly学习抽象思维的孩子
— abstractness
/æbˈstræktnəs/ noun [noncount]
2 abstract /ˈæbˌstrækt/ noun
plural abstracts
[count]
1
: a brief written statement of the main points or facts in a longer report, speech, etc. : summary摘要；概要
2
: an abstract work of art (such as a painting)抽象派艺术作品
-
an artist admired for his abstracts以抽象派作品著称的艺术家
in the abstract
: without referring to a specific person, object, or event : in a general way抽象地，在理论上
-
thinking about freedom in the abstract抽象地考虑自由
3 abstract /æbˈstrækt/ verb
abstracts; abstracted; abstracting
[+ object]
1
: to make a summary of the main parts of (a report, speech, etc.) : to make an abstract of (something)做…的摘要（或梗概）；摘录（要点）
-
abstract [=summarize] an academic paper做一篇学术论文的摘要
2
: to obtain or remove (something) from a source摘取；提取；抽取
-
Data for the study was abstracted from hospital records.这项研究的数据摘自医院记录。
3
chiefly British, humorous : to steal (something)偷走；窃取
-
She accused him of abstracting [=pinching] some money from her purse.她指责他偷拿了她手提包里的一些钱。
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