absorb
英 [əb’sɔːb] 美 [əb’sɔːrb]
- vt. 吸收；吸引 … 的注意；吞并；承受
考点牛津朗文柯林韦氏
一、相关词汇
近义词
v.
sorb, take up, learn, larn, acquire, fund, blend
反义词
n.
emit, give out, give off
解析
absorb 普通用词，词义广泛，既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西，又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。
suck 作“吸收”解时，可与absorb换用，但还可有“吮吸”之意。
digest 侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。
incorporate 指一物或多物与它物相融合，形成一整体。
二、习惯用语
absorb in 集中精力做某事；全神贯注于
ab·sorb / Eb5sC:b; -5zC:b; NAmE -5sC:rb; -5zC:rb /verb[VN]
LIQUID / GAS 液体；气体
1. to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
吸收(液体、气体等):
Plants absorb oxygen.
植物吸收氧气。
The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。
MAKE PART OF STH LARGER 使并入
2. [often passive] to make sth smaller become part of sth larger
使并入；吞并；同化:
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.
四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.
这个国家实在没有能力接纳这么多涌入的难民。
INFORMATION 信息
3. to take sth into the mind and learn or understand it
理解；掌握
SYN take in :
It’s a lot of information to absorb all at once.
要一下子消化这些资料,真是很多。
INTEREST SB 引起兴趣
4. to interest sb very much so that they pay no attention to anything else
吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注
SYN engross :
This work had absorbed him for several years.
这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。
HEAT / LIGHT / ENERGY 热；光；能
5. to take in and keep heat, light, energy, etc. instead of reflecting it
吸收(热、光、能等):
Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.
黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。
SHOCK / IMPACT 震动；撞击
6. to reduce the effect of a blow, hit, etc.
减轻(打击、碰击等的)作用:
This tennis racket absorbs shock on impact.
这个网球拍能减轻撞击所产生的剧烈震动。
⇨ see also shock absorber
MONEY / TIME / CHANGES 金钱；时间；变化
7. to use up a large supply of sth, especially money or time
耗费,耗去(大量金钱、时间等):
The new proposals would absorb $80 billion of the federal budget.
这些新提案将耗费 800 亿元联邦政府预算。
8. to deal with changes, effects, costs, etc.
承受,承担,对付(变化、结果、费用等):
The company is unable to absorb such huge losses.
公司无法承受如此巨大的损失。
1. to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
吸收(液体、气体等):
Plants absorb oxygen.
植物吸收氧气。
The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。
MAKE PART OF STH LARGER 使并入
2. [often passive] to make sth smaller become part of sth larger
使并入；吞并；同化:
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.
四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.
这个国家实在没有能力接纳这么多涌入的难民。
INFORMATION 信息
3. to take sth into the mind and learn or understand it
理解；掌握
SYN take in :
It’s a lot of information to absorb all at once.
要一下子消化这些资料,真是很多。
INTEREST SB 引起兴趣
4. to interest sb very much so that they pay no attention to anything else
吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注
SYN engross :
This work had absorbed him for several years.
这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。
HEAT / LIGHT / ENERGY 热；光；能
5. to take in and keep heat, light, energy, etc. instead of reflecting it
吸收(热、光、能等):
Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.
黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。
SHOCK / IMPACT 震动；撞击
6. to reduce the effect of a blow, hit, etc.
减轻(打击、碰击等的)作用:
This tennis racket absorbs shock on impact.
这个网球拍能减轻撞击所产生的剧烈震动。
⇨ see also shock absorber
MONEY / TIME / CHANGES 金钱；时间；变化
7. to use up a large supply of sth, especially money or time
耗费,耗去(大量金钱、时间等):
The new proposals would absorb $80 billion of the federal budget.
这些新提案将耗费 800 亿元联邦政府预算。
8. to deal with changes, effects, costs, etc.
承受,承担,对付(变化、结果、费用等):
The company is unable to absorb such huge losses.
公司无法承受如此巨大的损失。
absorb /əbˈsɔːb, əbˈzɔːb $ -ɔːrb/ ●●○ W3 verb [transitive]
1 LIQUID/GAS 液体/气体 to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something吸收〔液体、气体或其他物质〕
Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.
植物从土壤中吸收养分。
absorb something into something
Water and salts are absorbed into our bloodstream.
水分和盐被吸收进我们的血液中。
2 INFORMATION 信息 to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it理解，吸收
Her capacity to absorb information is amazing.
她吸收信息的能力令人称奇。
3 INTEREST 兴趣 to interest someone so much that they do not pay attention to other things吸引〔某人〕，使全神贯注
The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely.
机器的运转和声响把他完全吸引住了。
be absorbed in something
Judith lay on the settee, absorbed in her book.
朱迪思躺在沙发椅上专心致志地看书。
4 BECOME PART OF STH 成为某物的一部分 to become part of something larger使并入，吸纳；同化
California absorbs many of the legal immigrants to the US.
加利福尼亚州吸纳了许多前往美国的合法移民。
be absorbed into something
We were soon absorbed into local village life.
我们很快就融入了当地的乡村生活。
5 LIGHT/HEAT/ENERGY/NOISE 光/热/能/声音 if something absorbs light, heat, energy, or noise, it takes it in吸收
Darker surfaces absorb heat.
深色的表面吸热。
6 DEAL WITH CHANGE/COSTS 应付变化/费用 if something absorbs changes or costs, it accepts them and deals with them successfully经受住；承受住
The beer industry had absorbed a doubling of federal tax in 1991.
1991年，啤酒行业经受住了联邦税加倍的考验。
7 MONEY/TIME 金钱/时间 if something absorbs money, time etc, it uses a lot of it消耗，花去
Defence spending absorbs almost 20% of the country’s wealth.
国防开支消耗了这个国家将近20%的财富。
8 FORCE 力 to reduce the effect of a sudden violent movement消减，缓冲
A well-designed sports shoe should absorb the impact on your feet.
设计优良的运动鞋应当能够减轻脚上受到的冲击力。
Origin absorb
(1400-1500) French absorber, from Latin absorbere, from ab- “away” + sorbere “to suck up”
absorb ★★☆☆☆
1.VERB 动词吸收（液体、气体等） If something absorbs a liquid, gas, or other substance, it soaks it up or takes it in.
【语法信息】：V n
【语法信息】：be V-ed into n
- Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil…
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。
- Refined sugars are absorbed into the bloodstream very quickly.
精制糖迅速吸收进血液中。
2.VERB 动词吸收（光、热等能量） If something absorbs light, heat, or another form of energy, it takes it in.
【语法信息】：V n
- A household radiator absorbs energy in the form of electric current and releases it in the form of heat.
家用取暖器吸收电流能量，再以热量的形式释放出来。
3.VERB 动词合并；兼并；吸收并同化 If a group is absorbed into a larger group, it becomes part of the larger group.
【语法信息】：be V-ed into n
【语法信息】：V n
- The Colonial Office was absorbed into the Foreign Office.
殖民部被并入了外交部。
- …an economy capable of absorbing thousands of immigrants.
能够吸纳数千移民的经济实体
4.VERB 动词消减，缓冲（外力、震动等） If something absorbs a force or shock, it reduces its effect.
【语法信息】：V n
- …footwear which does not absorb the impact of the foot striking the ground.
不具备减震功能的鞋子
5.VERB 动词经受，承受（变革、影响等）；承担（费用等） If a system or society absorbs changes, effects, or costs, it is able to deal with them.
【语法信息】：V n
- The banks would be forced to absorb large losses…
银行将被迫承受巨大的损失。
- We can’t absorb those costs.
我们负担不起那些费用。
6.VERB 动词用掉，花掉（大量金钱）；占去（空间、时间） If something absorbs something valuable such as money, space, or time, it uses up a great deal of it.
【语法信息】：V n
- It absorbed vast amounts of capital that could have been used for investment…
它消耗掉了原本可用于投资的大笔资金。
- It might help if campaigning didn’t absorb so much time and money.
如果竞选活动没耗费这么多的时间和金钱，情况或许还不会这么糟。
7.VERB 动词理解，掌握（信息） If you absorb information, you learn and understand it.
【语法信息】：V n
- Too often he only absorbs half the information in the manual…
他对于说明书上所说的经常是一知半解。
- We closed our offices at 2:00 p.m. to give employees time to absorb the bad news.
我们下午两点就放工了，以便给员工时间来慢慢接受这一坏消息。
8.VERB 动词See also:absorbed;absorbing;吸引…的注意；使全神贯注 If something absorbs you, it interests you a great deal and takes up all your attention and energy.
【语法信息】：V n
- …a second career which absorbed her more completely than her acting ever had.
比演艺生涯更让她投入的又一职业
absorb /əbˈsoɚb/ verb
absorbs; absorbed; absorbing
[+ object]
1
a : to take in (something, such as a liquid) in a natural or gradual way吸收（液体等）
-
A sponge absorbs water.海绵吸水。
-
Plant roots absorb moisture.植物的根系吸收水分。
-
a fabric that absorbs sweat吸汗的布料
— often used as (be) absorbed常用作(be) ab sorbed
-
Water is absorbed by plants through their roots.植物通过根系来吸收水分。
-
nutrients that are absorbed into the body被身体吸收的养分
b : to draw in (heat, light, energy, etc.)吸收（热、光、能等）
-
The walls are made of a material that absorbs sound.这些墙使用的是吸音材料。
-
absorbing heat from the sun吸收太阳的热量
2
a : to learn (something)学习；理解；掌握
-
She is good at absorbing information/knowledge.她善于掌握信息/知识。
-
He has retained the values that he absorbed as a young man.他一直秉持着年轻时学到的价值观念。
b : to take in and make (something) part of a larger group, country, etc.吸纳；把…纳入；把…并入
-
a country that has absorbed many immigrants接收了大量移民的国家
-
smaller countries invaded and absorbed by/into bigger ones遭遇大国侵略吞并的小国家
3
: to take up the whole interest or attention of (someone)（使）全神贯注，完全着迷
-
His interest in photography absorbs him completely.对摄影的兴趣让他完全着了迷。
-
I was so absorbed by her story that I lost track of time.我完全被她的故事吸引住了，以至于忘记了时间。
◊ If you are absorbed in something, you are fully involved in it.全神贯注于
-
She was (completely) absorbed in [=lost in] thought.她（深深地）陷入了沉思。
-
He quickly found himself absorbed in [=engrossed by] the movie.他很快就被电影吸引住了。
4
: to prevent (something harmful or unwanted) from passing through阻挡；减轻；缓冲
-
The frame of the car absorbed the impact.汽车的构架起到了减震作用。
5
a : to accept or deal with (something that is difficult, harmful, etc.)承受；应付
-
The company has had to absorb many setbacks in the past year.公司在过去的一年里被迫经受了许多挫折。
-
The expenses were absorbed [=borne] by his family.花费由他的家庭承担了。
b : to use up (something)用尽；花光
-
His work absorbs almost all of his time.工作几乎占用了他的全部时间。
— absorbable
/əbˈsoɚbəbəl/ adjective [more absorbable; most absorbable]
-
nutrients absorbable by the body能被身体吸收的养分
— absorber
noun, plural absorbers [count]
-
a moisture absorber吸湿器
— see also shock absorber
— absorbing
adjective [more absorbing; most absorbing]
-
The book includes an absorbing [=engrossing, fascinating] account of her childhood.书中对她的童年做了精彩的描述。
— absorption
/əbˈsoɚpʃən/ noun [noncount]
-
the absorption of water by a sponge海绵对水的吸收
-
the absorption of nutrients by the body身体对养分的吸收
-
heat/noise absorption对热量/噪声的吸收
-
His absorption in his work was total. [=he was totally absorbed in his work; he gave all his attention to his work]他工作起来全神贯注。
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