absence
- n. 缺席；缺乏
考点牛津朗文柯林韦氏
一、词义辨析
lack，want，absence，shortage，scarcity
- 这些名词均含“缺乏，不足”之意。
- lack普通用词，指部分或完全的不足。
- want指完全或短缺某物，侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。
- absence指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场。
- shortage指不足，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或已知应有的数量。
- scarcity指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。
二、习惯用语
absence of 缺乏
in the absence of 缺乏，不存在；无…时，缺少…时
absence from 缺席；不在
in absence 当…不在的时候；缺席
in absence of 缺乏…
absence of mind 心不在焉
ab·sence / 5AbsEns /noun1. [U, C] ~ (from…) the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when sb is away
缺席；不在:
absence from work
缺勤
repeated absences from school
一再缺课
The decision was made in my absence (= while I was not there).
这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。
We did not receive any news during his long absence.
我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。
⇨ see also leave
2. [U] the fact of sb / sth not existing or not being available; a lack of sth
不存在；缺乏:
The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。
the absence of any women on the board of directors
董事会成员中没有妇女的现象
OPP presence
IDIOMS
▪ 7absence makes the heart grow ‘fonder
(saying) used to say that when you are away from sb that you love, you love them even more
不相见,倍思念
⇨ more at conspicuous
缺席；不在:
absence from work
缺勤
repeated absences from school
一再缺课
The decision was made in my absence (= while I was not there).
这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。
We did not receive any news during his long absence.
我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。
⇨ see also leave
2. [U] the fact of sb / sth not existing or not being available; a lack of sth
不存在；缺乏:
The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。
the absence of any women on the board of directors
董事会成员中没有妇女的现象
OPP presence
IDIOMS
▪ 7absence makes the heart grow ‘fonder
(saying) used to say that when you are away from sb that you love, you love them even more
不相见,倍思念
⇨ more at conspicuous
absence /ˈæbsəns/ ●●● S3 W2 noun
1 [countable, uncountable] when you are not in the place where people expect you to be, or the time that you are away不在，缺席
in/during somebody’s absence
Ms Leighton will be in charge during my absence (=while I am away).
我不在时，由莱顿女士负责。
absence from
Her work involved repeated absences from home.
她的工作使她经常不在家。
2 [singular] the lack of something or the fact that it does not exist缺乏；没有OPP presence
absence of
a complete absence of any kind of planning
毫无计划
In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go.
警察没有证据，只好把迈尔斯放了。
3. absence makes the heart grow fonderused to say that being away from someone makes you like them more人不见，心更念；久别情更深
→ leave of absence at leave2(3), → conspicuous by your absence at conspicuous(3)
absence ★★★☆☆
1.N-VAR 可变名词不在；缺席 Someone’s absence from a place is the fact that they are not there.
【搭配模式】：with supp
- …a bundle of letters which had arrived for me in my absence…
我不在期间寄给我的一大堆信件
- Eleanor would later blame her mother-in-law for her husband’s frequent absences.
埃莉诺过后会因丈夫经常不在家而责怪婆婆。
2.N-SING 单数名词缺乏；不存在 The absence of something from a place is the fact that it is not there or does not exist.
【搭配模式】：with supp
- The presence or absence of clouds can have an important impact on heat transfer…
有无云层对热量的传递会产生重要的影响。
- In the absence of a will the courts decide who the guardian is.
在没有遗嘱的情况下，由法庭指定监护人。
3.See also:leave of absence; conspicuous by one’s absence→see: conspicuous;
absence /ˈæbsəns/ noun
plural absences
1
[singular] : a state or condition in which something expected, wanted, or looked for is not present or does not exist : a state or condition in which something is absent缺乏
-
There was an absence [=lack] of enthusiasm in the crowd. [=the crowd was not enthusiastic]人群毫无热情。
-
The products showed a remarkable absence of defects.产品毫无瑕疵。
-
In the absence of reform [=without reform], progress was slow.缺乏改革导致进展缓慢。
-
With the (continued) absence of rain [=because of the lack of rain], crops have begun to dry up.庄稼因（持续）缺乏雨水而开始干枯。
2
[count]
a : a failure to be present at a usual or expected place缺席；缺勤；不在场
-
He had many absences from work.他经常旷工。
-
I expected to see her and was surprised by her absence.我以为能看到她，但让我吃惊的是她竟然不在。
-
He was conspicuous by his absence. [=it was very noticeable that he was not present]他的缺席非常显眼。
b : a period of time when someone is not present at a place, job, etc.缺席期间；休假期间
-
She returned to the company after a long/prolonged absence.她休完长假后返回公司上班。
— see also leave of absence
◊ The saying absence makes the heart grow fonder means that you tend to like someone better when that person goes away for a time.小别情更浓
-
She’ll be away for a month, but you know what they say—absence makes the heart grow fonder.她要离开一个月，但不是都说嘛——小别情更浓呀。
in someone’s absence
1
: while someone is away（某人）不在时，缺席时
-
The study was completed in her absence.这项研究是在她不在的时候完成的。
2
: in the place of someone who is not present代替，代表（不在场者）
-
He was asked to speak in his brother’s absence.他应邀代表他哥哥发言。
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