above
- prep. 超过；在 … 上面；高于
- adj. 上面的；以上的
- adv. 在上面；超过；更重要地；上文地
- n. 上面的东西
副词
介词
形容词
二、词义辨析
above , on 与 over
above 一般指位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物，其反义词是below。
on 指与另一物表面相接触。
over 指一物在另一物的垂直上方，多暗示悬空，但也含“覆盖于……之上”之意。其反义词是under。
三、习惯用语
在(或向)…上面:
The water came above our knees.
水淹过了我们的膝盖。
We were flying above the clouds.
我们在云层上面飞行。
the people in the apartment above mine
我楼上那套公寓里的人们
A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.
海军的 captain (上校)军衔比陆军的 captain (上尉)高。
They finished the year one places above their local rivals.
这一年结束,他们的排名比当地竞争对手超前六个名次。
2. more than sth; greater in number, level or age than sb / sth
(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过,多于,大于:
Inflation is above 6%.
通货膨胀超过 6%。
Temperatures have been above average.
气温一直比平均温度高。
We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
我们不能接受 10 岁以上的儿童。
3. of greater importance or of higher quality than sb / sth
(重要性、质量)超过,胜过:
I rate her above most other players of her age.
我认为她优于大多数同龄参赛者。
4. too good or too honest to do sth
(因善良或诚实正直而)不至于,不屑于(做某事):
She’s not above lying when it suits her.
她在适当时机还是会说谎的。
He’s above suspicion (= he is completely trusted).
他无可置疑。
5. (of a sound 声音) louder or clearer than another sound
(音量或清晰度)超过(另一种声音):
I couldn’t hear her above the noise of the traffic.
交通嘈杂,我听不见她的声音。
IDIOMS
▪ above ‘all
most important of all; especially
最重要的是；尤其是:
Above all, keep in touch.
最要紧的是保持联系。
▪ a’bove yourself (disapproving) having too high an opinion of yourself
自高自大；妄自尊大
⇨ more at over prep.adverb1. at or to a higher place
在(或向)上面；在(或向)较高处:
Put it on the shelf above.
把它放到上面的搁板上。
Seen from above the cars looked tiny.
从高处往下看,车辆显得很小。
They were acting on instructions from above (= from sb in a higher position of authority).
他们是在按照上级的指示办事。
2. greater in number, level or age
(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过,更多,更大:
increases of 5% and above
增加 5% 或以上
A score of 70 or above will get you an ‘A’.
70 分或以上就可以得”优”。
children aged 12 and above
12 岁或以上的孩子
3. earlier in sth written or printed
上文；前文:
As was stated above…
如上所述…
See above, page 97.
见前文,第 97 页。adjective[only before noun] mentioned or printed previously in a letter, book, etc.
前文述及的；上述的:
Please write to us at the above address.
请按上述地址来函。
• the above noun [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] :
Please notify us if the above is not correct.
如果上面所说的不正确,请通知我们。
All the above (= people mentioned above) have passed the exam.
以上各人都通过了考试。
above1 ●●● S2 W1 adverb , preposition
1 in a higher position than something else 在（…）上方 SYN over OPP below
Our office is above the hairdresser’s.
He had a bruise just above his left eye.
I heard a strange noise coming from the room above.
The great bird hovered high above our heads.
2 more than a particular number, amount, or level 大于，高于，超出 OPP below
50 metres above sea level 海拔50米
above freezing/zero (=higher than the temperature at which water freezes) 零度以上
Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing.
and/or above
free medical care for pensioners aged 65 and above
Prize winners must have gained marks of 80% or above.
The salaries we offer are well above (=much higher than) average.
3 to a greater degree than something else 高于，重于，甚于
Many employers value personality above experience or qualifications.
above all (else) (=used to say that something is more important than anything else) 最重要的是
Max is hard-working, cheerful, and above all honest.
medals awarded for bravery above and beyond the call of duty (=greater than it is your duty to show)
4 louder or clearer than other sounds 〔声音〕比…高[清楚]
You can always hear her voice above everybody else’s.
5 higher in rank, power, or importance 〔级别、权力或地位〕大于，高于；在上，以上 OPP below
He never rose above the rank of corporal.
and/or above
officers of the rank of Major and above
from above (=from people in higher authority) 来自上级的
We just obey orders from above.
6 formal before, in the same piece of writing 上述，在上文 OPP below
As mentioned above, there is a service charge.
Write to the address above for further information.
7 not be above (doing) something to not be too good or honest to do something 没有好[诚实]到不做某事
Eileen’s not above flirting with the boss when it suits her.
8 be above suspicion/reproach/criticism etc to be so good that no one can doubt or criticize you 无可置疑/指责/批评等
Even the king’s closest advisers were not above suspicion.
→ over and above at over1(14), → be above the law at law(13)
above2 ●●○ W3 adjective
1.PREP 介词在…上方;高于 If one thing is above another one, it is directly over it or higher than it.
- He lifted his hands above his head…他将双手举过头顶。
- Apartment 46 was a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it…和它楼上的那间不同，46号公寓很安静。
- He was staring into the mirror above him.他盯着在他上方的镜子。
- Above is also an adverb.
- A long scream sounded from somewhere above.从上面什么地方传来一声长长的尖叫。
- …a picture of the new plane as seen from above…这架新飞机的俯视图
- There are five bedrooms, a large attic above, and wine cellars below.有5间卧室，顶层是一个宽敞的阁楼，底下是酒窖。
2.ADV 副词上述;在上文 In writing, you use above to refer to something that has already been mentioned or discussed.
- Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above…从上文描述的结果中可以得出几个结论。
- Full details are in the table above.详细信息请见上文表格。
- Above is also a noun.
- For additional information, contact any of the above.如需更多信息，可与以上任何一处联系。
- Above is also an adjective.
- For a copy of their brochure, write to the above address.欲索取其宣传册，请写信至以上地址。
- The temperature crept up to just above 40 degrees…温度攀升至40度出头。
- Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year…维多利亚瀑布今年的降雨量超过了平均水平。
- These plants must be stored in the light at above freezing temperature…这些植物必须放置于零度以上光照充足的地方。
- Government spending is planned to rise 3 per cent above inflation.政府开支拟订高出通货膨胀3个百分点。
- Above is also an adverb.
- Banks have been charging 25 percent and above for unsecured loans.银行对于没有担保的贷款一直收取25%或更高的费用。
- …trying to talk above the noise…努力使说话声高过噪音
- Then there was a woman’s voice, rising shrilly above the barking.接着，一个女人的尖厉声音盖过了犬吠声。
- I know you’re above me socially, but I must say I find your attitude offensive…我明白你的社会地位比我高，但我得说我觉得你的态度很粗鲁。
- I married above myself — rich county people…我高攀了一门亲事，是县里的富有人家。
- Look at the people above you in the positions of power and see what type of characters they are.审视一下权位高于你的那些人，看他们具有哪种类型的性格。
- Above is also an adverb.
- The policemen admitted beating the student, but said they were acting on orders from above.警察承认打过这名学生，但说他们只是奉命行事。
6.PHRASE 短语自视过高；妄自尊大 If you say that someone is getting above themself, you disapprove of them because they think they are better than everyone else.
- I just think you’re getting a little bit above yourself.我只是觉得你变得有点自视过高。
7.PREP 介词（因自视甚高）不屑于 If you say that someone thinks they are above something, you mean that they act as if they are too good or important for it.
- This was clearly a failure by someone who thought he was above failure…这显然是认为自己根本不会失败的人所遭遇的一次失败。
- I’m not above doing my own cleaning.我很乐意自己做扫除。
8.PREP 介词不会受到（批评或怀疑）；超乎…之所及 If someone is above criticism or suspicion, they cannot be criticized or suspected because of their good qualities or their position.
- The Queen remains above criticism, apart from the issue of her tax liability…抛开她的纳税义务不谈，女王一直无可指摘。
- He was a respected academic and above suspicion.他是位受人尊敬的学者，根本没有嫌疑。
- …his tendency to put the team above everything…他把这个团队看得比什么都重要的倾向
- I want to be honest, honest above everything else.我想要做到诚实，一切以诚实为上。
Usage Note :Above and over are both used to talk about position and height. If something is higher than something else and the two things are imagined as being positioned along a vertical line, you can use either above or over. He opened a cupboard above the sink… She leaned forward until her face was over the basin. However, if something is higher than something else but the two things are regarded as being wide or horizontal rather than tall or vertical, you have to use above. The trees rose above the row of houses. Above and over are both used to talk about measurements, for example, when you are talking about a point that is higher than another point on a scale. Any money earned over that level is taxed. …everybody above five feet eight inches in height. You use over to say that a distance or period of time is longer than the one mentioned. …a height of over twelve thousand feet… Our relationship lasted for over a year. Above and over are also both used to talk about people’s rank or importance. You use above to talk about people who are more important and in a higher position than other people. …behaving as if she was in a position above the other staff. If someone is over you, they give orders or instructions to you. …an officer in authority over him.
above和over均可表示位置和高度。若一物高于另一物，且两者可设想成处于同一垂直线上，则两词都可用：He opened a cupboard above the sink（他打开水池上方的碗柜），She leaned forward until her face was over the basin（她俯身向前，把脸凑到了脸盆上方）。当一物高于另一物，但两者宽而不高，或存在水平而非垂直关系，则须用above：The trees rose above the row of houses（树木矗立在那排房屋的边上）。above和over都可表示度量，例如表示一点在标度上高于另一点：Any money earned over that level is taxed（超过这一标准的收入都要纳税），everybody above five feet eight inches in height（所有身高超过5英尺8英寸的人）。over可用于距离、时间的比较：a height of over twelve thousand feet（超过1.2万英尺的高度），Our relationship lasted for over a year（我们的关系持续了一年多）。above和over都可指人的级别和重要性。above用于表示比他人重要和地位较高者：behaving as if she was in a position above the other staff（表现得好像她比其他员工职位高似的）。over用于表示某人有权下命令或指令：an officer in authority over him（一位军阶在他之上的军官）。
1
: in or to a higher place在…上方；向…上方
-
They stood under the tree and looked at the branches above. [=overhead]他们站在树下，望着头顶上的树枝。
-
The stars shone above. [=in the sky]星星在天空闪烁。
-
The stairs lead above [=upstairs] to the bedrooms.顺着楼梯上去就是卧室。
-
up above and down below上上下下
2
: in or to a higher rank or number（级别或数字）高于，在…以上
-
Students in the grade above [=in the next grade] study algebra.学生从下个年级开始学代数。
-
Groups of six and above [=of six or more] need reservations.六人及六人以上团体需要预订。
-
a game that is suitable for children at/of age 10 and above [=older]适合10岁及以上的儿童的游戏
3
: above zero零上；零度以上
-
Temperatures range from 5 below to 5 above.温度在零下5度到零上5度之间变化。
4
: higher, further up, or earlier on the same page or on a preceding page : at a previous point in the same document（书页、文件等的）前文，上文
-
Write to us at the address shown above. [=at the above address]按照上文所给的地址给我们写信。
-
Except as noted above, all the information can be verified.除了前文标注过的信息，其他所有信息都可以核实。
-
the person named above = the above-named person上文提及的人
from above
1
: from a higher place or position从高处；从上面
-
It looks like a cross when viewed from above.从高处看它像是一个十字架。
2
: from someone with greater power or authority从上级；从高层
-
waiting for orders from above等待上级命令
1
: in or to a higher place than (something) : over在…上方；向…上方
-
He raised his arms above his head.他将手臂举过头顶。
-
They hung a mirror above the mantel.他们在壁炉架上方挂了一面镜子。
-
We rented an apartment above a restaurant.我们在一家餐馆楼上租了一间公寓。
— opposite below
2
: greater in number, quantity, or size than (something) : more than (something)（数字、数量或尺寸）大于，高于，多于
-
Temperatures were above average all week.整个一周的温度都高于平均水平。
-
men above 50 years old*50岁以上的男士
— opposite below
3
a : to a greater degree or extent than (something)（程度）高于，大于
-
She values her private time above her fame.她认为私人时间比名气更重要。
b : in a higher or more important position than (something)（位置）高于
-
He puts his child’s needs above his own.他把孩子的需要置于自己的需要之上。
— opposite below
4
: having more importance or power than (someone) : having a higher rank than (someone)（级别）高于
-
A captain is above a lieutenant. [=a captain outranks a lieutenant]上尉的军衔比中尉高。
-
Who is above him in that department?在那个部门谁的职位比他高？
— opposite below
5
: too important for (something) : not able to be affected by (something)超出…所及；不受…的影响
-
She thinks that she’s above criticism/suspicion. [=that she cannot be criticized/suspected]她认为自己无可指责/怀疑。
— see also above the law at law
6
: too good for (some type of behavior, work, etc.)不屑于
-
I thought you were above lying to people. [=I thought such dishonest behavior was beneath you]我认为你不至于撒谎。
-
He was not above cheating when it served his purposes. [=he would cheat when it served his purposes]为了达到目的，他也会采取欺骗手段。
-
Does she think she’s above that kind of work? [=does she think that kind of work is beneath her?]她是不是认为做那种工作对她来说是大材小用了？
7
: more loudly and clearly than (another sound)（声音）比…响亮，比…清晰
-
I heard the whistle above [=over] the roar of the crowd.我听到哨声盖过了人群的吼声。
above all
: as the most important thing : especially最重要的是；尤其是
-
Above all, we must consider what is best for the children.我们首先必须考虑怎样做对孩子们最有利。
above and beyond
: far beyond what is required by (something, such as a duty)远远超出（职责等）
-
He went above and beyond the call of duty. [=he did more than his duty required him to do]他所做的远远超出了他的职责
get above yourself
chiefly British
: to think you are more important than you really are自高自大；自视过高
-
We are pleased by his success, but we worry that he might be getting above himself.我们为他的成功感到高兴，可是我们也担心他会自高自大。
over and above
— see 2over
: mentioned at an earlier point in the same document : written above上文提到的；前文中的；上述的
-
You can contact me at the above address. [=at the address shown above]你可以按照上述地址联系我。
the above
: something that is mentioned at an earlier point in the same document上文提及之事；前文所提之事
-
If any of the above is incorrect, please let me know.如前文有不当之处，请告知。
-
Contact any of the above [=any of the people mentioned above] for more information.如想获得更多信息，可联系上述任一联系人。
-
The correct answer is “none of the above.”正确的回答是“以上都不对”。
