ability

名词 0 20

n. 能力；才能

考点牛津朗文柯林韦氏

一、重点短语：

have/lose the ability to do sth. 拥有/失去做某事的能力

例： Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make your own choices. 在你打开的每扇门后面都有学习新事物的机会，你有能力做出自己的选择。

二、复数形式

abilities

三、词义辨析

ability, genius, talent 和 gift

ability 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
genius 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent 着重指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
gift 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

四、常用搭配

innovation ability 创新能力

learning ability 学习能力

practical ability 实践能力；实际能力

technical ability 技术能力

reading ability 阅读能力

management ability 管理能力

writing ability 写作能力；书写能力

working ability 工作能力，加工能力

physical ability 体能，体质能力；身体能力

cognitive ability 认知能力

service ability 工作能力

ability to pay 支付能力

combining ability 配合力

develop ability 发挥才能

executive ability 执行力；行政能力

natural ability 本能

administrative ability 行政能力；经营才能

unique ability 独有能力

adaptive ability 自适应能力

(pl. -ies)
1. [sing.] ~ to do sth the fact that sb / sth is able to do sth
   能力:
The system has the ability to run more than six program at the same time.
该系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。
Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless of their ability to pay.
无论支付能力如何,每个人都有权得到良好的医疗照顾。
A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability to relax.
和缓的运动锻炼会提高自我放松的能力。
OPP  inability
2. [C, U] a level of skill or intelligence
   才能；本领；才智:
Almost everyone has some musical ability.
几乎人人都有一些音乐才能。
He was a man of extraordinary abilities.
他才干卓着。
students of mixed abilities
能力各不相同的学生
A woman of her ability will easily find a job.
有她那样才能的妇女找工作不难。
I try to do my job to the best of my ability (= as well as I can).
我尽全力做好我的工作。

ability
a·bil·i·ty / E5bIlEtI ; E5bIlEti /noun (plural abilities)
1. Cthe state of being able to do something能力，能够:
ability to do sth

•the ability to walk行走的能力

•The health center serves all patients, regardless of their ability to pay.医疗中心为所有病人服务，不管他们的支付能力如何。

•I don’t have the ability to say ‘no’.“不”字我说不出口。

2. C,Usomeone’s level of skill at doing something能力〔的水平〕; 本领; 技能:
athletic / musical / artistic etc ability

•The test measures verbal and mathematical ability.这种测试考查的是语言能力和数学能力。

•leadership ability领导能力

•It takes hard work and natural ability to make it as a professional athlete.成为职业运动员需要刻苦的训练以及天赋。

•There are musicians of all abilities in the orchestra.那支管弦乐队各种演奏水平的乐师都有。

of great / exceptional etc ability

•He’s a writer of remarkable ability.他是个才华横溢的作家。

of high / low / average ability

•students of average ability中等能力的学生

•mixed ability classes (=classes that include students who are at different levels)学生能力参差不齐的班级

3. to the best of your ability as well as you can竭尽全力:

•He completed the job to the best of his ability.他尽全力完成了工作。

1.N-SING 单数名词能力 Your ability to do something is the fact that you can do it.

【搭配模式】：N to-inf

The public never had faith in his ability to handle the job…
公众从来不相信他有能力胜任这一职位。
He has the ability to bring out the best in others.
他能做到扬人之长。

2.N-VAR 可变名词才能;技能;本领 Your ability is the quality or skill that you have which makes it possible for you to do something.

【搭配模式】：oft with poss

Her drama teacher spotted her ability…
她的戏剧老师发现了她的才能。
I have confidence in the ability of the players…
我对于球员们的能力充满信心。
They repeatedly questioned his leadership abilities…
他们一再质疑他的领导才能。
Does the school cater for all abilities?
学校能够做到因材施教吗？

3.PHRASE 短语尽…所能地；竭尽全力地 If you do something to the best of your abilities or to the best of your ability, you do it as well as you can.

I take care of them to the best of my abilities…
我尽我所能地照顾他们。
They tackled them to the best of their ability.
他们竭尽全力给予解决。

Usage Note :Do not confuse ability with capability and capacity. You often use ability to say that someone can do something well. He had remarkable ability as a musician. …the ability to bear hardship. A person’s capability is the amount of work they can do and how well they can do it. …a job that was beyond the capability of one man. …the director’s ideas of the capability of the actor. If someone has a particular capacity, a capacity for something, or a capacity to do something, they have the qualities required to do it. Capacity is a more formal word than ability. …their capacity for hard work. …his capacity to see the other person’s point of view.

不要混淆 ability, capability 和 capacity。ability 常用于表示某人将某件事做好的能力：He had remarkable ability as a musician（他拥有杰出的音乐才华），the ability to bear hardship（承受苦难的能力）。capability 指某人所能完成的工作量以及所能达到的工作质量：a job that was beyond the capability of one man（个人力所不及的工作），the director’s ideas of the capability of the actor（导演对于这个演员演技的看法）。capacity指做成某件事所需的素质, 用法比 ability 更加正式，例如 their capacity for hard work（他们能吃苦耐劳），his capacity to see the other person’s point of view（他领会他人观点的能力）。

plural abilities

: the power or skill to do something能力；才能；技能

[count]

a young woman with many remarkable musical/artistic/athletic abilities在音乐/艺术/体育领域能力非凡的年轻女性。

— often followed by to + verb常接动词不定式

a teacher with an ability to inspire his students能启迪学生的教师
Does he have the ability [=authority] to fire employees?他有解雇员工的权力吗？
a writer’s ability [=capability, capacity] to interest readers作家吸引读者的才能

[noncount]

a young woman of great musical/artistic/athletic ability在音乐/艺术/体育领域能力非凡的年轻女性
She has shown some ability with foreign languages.她在外语学习方面展现出一些天赋。
He always works to the best of his ability. [=as well as he can]他工作起来总是全力以赴。

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三级词汇词组

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