a

冠词

一(个); 每一(个); 任一(个)

美音 /eɪ/ /eɪ/  英音 /eɪ/ /ə/

考点牛津朗文柯林韦氏

1. 基本词义:用于单数可数名词前,表示未曾提及的一(个、件……)人(或物……)

2. 辨析:

a与an

  1. 通常来说,a 是用在以辅音开首的词前面,an 是用在以元音开首的词前面;
  2. 可数名词前面用 a(或 an),不可数名词前面不可用a(或 an),如可以说 a healthy boy,却不可以说 a health;
  3. 在特定情况下,a(或 an)可以用在复数形式前面:习语中有a few (books),a great many (books)等表示方法。在表示时间或款项的短语前面,如 a further five minutes。在若干在形式上是复数而在意思上是单数的单词前面,如 a barracks,a links。在美国口语中,如 a good ways,a long ways;
  4. a(或 an)有时有“一个而不是那所要的一个”的意思。a 也有“任何一个”的意思。I got a letter indeed,but it was from a friend.
    事实上,我收到了一封信,但只是一个朋友的来信。I wanted to read a book,I did not care whether it was a history,a novel,or a biography.
  5. a 与 few 搭配使用时,few 是“很少”,有“几乎没有”的意思。a few 是“若干”,有“颇有几个”的意思。注意,only a few 却等于 few,也是“很少”的意思。

a与one

含义不同:one释义:一;单独一个,仅仅一个。

a 释义:用于可数名词或单数名词前,表示未曾提到的一人、事;用于前有形容词或后. 有短语的不可数名词前;任何一;每一。

用法不同: one用法:示”一个”,意为one;  指某人或某物;代表-类人或事务;用在可数名词的单数形式前表示泛指。

例句: He’s the one person I can trust.  他是我唯一可以信赖的人。

a用法:通常来说,a是用在以辅音开首的词前面,可数名词前面用a不可数名词前面不可用a,如可以说a healthy boy,却不可以说a health。在特定情况下,a可以用在复数形式前面。

例句:Their new car’s a BMW.

他们的新轿车是辆宝马。

侧重点不同:

one是明确的数字。

a是范围概念,常被叫做不定冠词。

E; strong form ei / (also an / En; strong form An / )indefinite article

 HELP  The form a is used before consonant sounds and the form an before vowel sounds. When saying abbreviations like ‘FM’ or ‘UN’, use a or an according to how the first letter is said. For example, F is a consonant, but begins with the sound / e / and so you say: an FM radio. U is a vowel but begins with / j / and so you say: a UN declaration.
   a 用于辅音前,an 用于元音前。在 FM、UN 等缩略语前,用 a 还是 an,需视首字母如何发音而定。如 F 是辅音字母,但其发音以 e 开头,故应说:an FM radio。U 是元音字母,但其发音以 j 音开头,故应说:a UN declaration。

1. used before countable or singular nouns referring to people or things that have not already been mentioned
   (用于可数名词或单数名词前,表示未曾提到的)一(人、事、物):
a man / horse / unit
一个人;一匹马;一个单位
an aunt / egg / hour / x-ray
一个姑母;一个鸡蛋;一小时;一张 X 光片
I can only carry two at a time.
我一次只能带两个。
There’s a visitor for you.
有位客人找你。
She’s a friend of my father’s (= one of my father’s friends).
她是我父亲的一位朋友。
2. used before uncountable nouns when these have an adjective in front of them, or phrase following them
   (用于前有形容词或后有短语的不可数名词前):
a good knowledge of French
精通法语
a sadness that won’t go away
挥之不去的悲愁
3. any; every
   任何一;每一:
A lion is a dangerous animal.
狮子是猛兽。
4. used to show that sb / sth is a member of a group or profession
   (表示为某一群体或职业中的一员):
Their new car’s a BMW.
他们的新轿车是辆宝马。
She’s a Buddhist.
她是个佛教徒。
He’s a teacher.
他是个教师。
Is that a Monet (= a painting by Monet) ?
那是莫奈的画吗?
5. used in front of two nouns that are seen as a single unit
   (用于视为一体的两个名词之前):
a knife and fork
一副刀叉
6. used instead of one before some numbers
   (用于某些数字前,代替 one):
A thousand people were there.
那里有一千人。
7. used when talking about prices, quantities and rates
   (用于价格、数量、比率等)一,每一
SYN  per :
They cost 50p a kilo.
其价钱是一公斤 50 便士。
I can type 50 words a minute.
我每分钟能打 50 个单词。
He was driving at 50 miles an hour.
当时他正以每小时 50 英里的速度驾车。
8. a person like sb
   像(某人)的人;…式的人物:
She’s a little Hitler.
她是个小希特勒。
9. used before sb’s name to show that the speaker does not know the person
   (用于某人姓名前,表示说话者不认识此人)有个:
There’s a Mrs Green to see you.
有位格林太太要见你。
10. used before the names of days of the week to talk about one particular day
   (用于一星期中某天的名称前,表示具体某一天):
She died on a Tuesday.
她是在一个星期二去世的。

a / ; E ; e ; eI / also anindefinite article, determiner
1. used to show that you are talking about someone or something that has not been mentioned before, or that your listener does not know about一,一个〔用于未曾提及或对方不知道的人或物的名称前〕:

We have a problem.我们遇到了一个麻烦。
There was a hole in the fence.篱笆上有一个洞。
Suddenly they heard a loud bang.他们突然听到砰的一声。

THE¹
2. used to show that you are referring to a general type of person or thing and not a specific person or thing〔用于泛指一类人或一类事物〕:

Would you like a sandwich?来块三明治好吗?
I want to train to be an engineer.我想受训做工程师。
He’s a really nice man.他真是个好人。
Take a look at this.瞧瞧这个。
It needs a good clean.这得好好清洗一下。

3. used before someone’s family name to show that they belong to that family〔用于某人的姓氏前表明其属于这个家庭〕:

One of his daughters had married a Rothschild.他有个女儿嫁给了罗思柴尔德家的人。

4. one一(个):

a thousand pounds一千英镑
a dozen eggs一打鸡蛋
You’ll have to wait an hour or two.你得等一两个小时。

5. used in some phrases that say how much of something there is〔用于某些表示数量的短语〕:

There were a lot of people at the party.许多人参加了聚会。
A few weeks from now I’ll be in Venice.再过几个礼拜我就在威尼斯了。
You have caused a great deal of trouble.你惹出了很多麻烦。

6. used to mean ‘each’ when stating prices, rates, or speeds每一(个)〔用于表明价格、比率或速度〕:

I get paid once a month.我的工资一个月发一次。
The eggs cost $2 a dozen.鸡蛋两美元一打。

7. used before singular nouns to mean all things of a particular type任一,每一〔用于单数名词前表示某一类的全部〕:

A square has four sides (=all squares have four sides) .正方形有四条边。
A child needs love and affection.孩子需要爱和关怀。

8. used once before two nouns that are mentioned together very often〔用于两个经常连用的名词前〕:

I’ll fetch you a cup and saucer.我去给你拿一副杯碟来。
Does everyone have a knife and fork?每个人都有刀叉了吗?

9. used before the -ing forms of verbs when they are used as nouns referring to an action, event, or sound〔用于表示动作、事件或声音的动词的 -ing 形式之前〕:

There was a beating of wings overhead.头顶上传来翅膀的拍打声。
Bernice became aware of a humming that seemed to come from all around her.伯尼斯发现周围好像有嗡嗡嗡的声音。

10. used before nouns that are usually uncountable when other information about the quality, feeling etc is added by an adjective, phrase, or clause〔用于有形容词、短语或从句修饰的不可数名词前〕:

Candidates must have a good knowledge of chemistry.求职者必须精通化学。

11. used before the name of a substance, food etc to refer to a particular type of it〔用于物质、食品等名称前表示一类〕:

Use a good cheese to make the sauce.要用优质的奶酪来做调味酱。
plants that grow well in a moist soil在湿润的土壤中生长良好的植物

12. used before the name of a drink to refer to a cup or glass of that drink一杯〔用于饮料名称前〕:

Can I get you a coffee?我给你倒杯咖啡好吗?
Renwick went to the bar and ordered a beer.伦威克走到吧台前点了杯啤酒。

13. used before the name of a famous artist to refer to a painting by that artist一幅…的作品〔用于著名画家的名字前〕:

an early Rembrandt伦勃朗的一幅早期作品

14. used before a name to mean someone or something that has the same qualities as that person or thing〔用于某人或某物的名字前指与其具有同样特性的人或物〕:

She was hailed as a new Marilyn Monroe.她被誉为是又一个玛丽莲·梦露。

15. used before someone’s name when you do not know who they are某一,一位〔用于陌生人的姓名前〕:

There is a Mr Tom Wilkins on the phone.有个汤姆·威尔金斯先生打电话来。

16. used before the names of days, months, seasons, and events in the year to refer to a particular one〔用于某一年的日、月、季节和事件前,指具体的日子或事件〕:

We arrived in England on a cold wet Sunday in 1963.1963年一个寒冷、下着雨的星期天,我们来到了英格兰。
I can’t remember a Christmas like it.我的记忆中不曾有过像这样的圣诞节。

 CHOICE 
aan:
Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, use an .读音以元音开头的单词前用 an:

an elephant一头大象
an umbrella一把伞
an obvious mistake一个明显的错误

► Use an before an ‘h’ that is not pronounced. 不发音的 h 前用 an:

an hour later一小时之后
an honest explanation如实的解释

► Use a before a ‘u’ that is pronounced like ‘you’. u 发 “you” 音时前面用 a:

a university一所大学
a unique opportunity一个千载难逢的机会

► Use an before an abbreviation that is pronounced with a vowel sound at the start. 读音以元音开头的缩写前用 an:

an SOS call一个紧急求救电话
an MP3 file一个 MP3 文件

A or an is the indefinite article. It is used at the beginning of noun groups which refer to only one person or thing. The form an is used in front of words that begin with vowel sounds.

a 或 an 为不定冠词,用于表示单个事物或人的名词词组之前。an 用于以元音开始的单词之前。

1.DET 限定词(指初次提及或非特指的人或物)一(个) You use a or an when you are referring to someone or something for the first time or when people may not know which particular person or thing you are talking about.

【搭配模式】:DET sing-n
  • A waiter entered with a tray…侍者端着托盘进来了。
  • He started eating aapple…他开始吃苹果。
  • Today you’ve got a new teacher taking you…今天有位新老师来教你们。
  • I manage a hotel.我经营一家旅馆。

2.DET 限定词(一类人或事物中非特指的)任何一(个) You use a or an when you are referring to any person or thing of a particular type and do not want to be specific.

【搭配模式】:DET sing-n
  • …expensive make-up that we saw being advertised by a beautiful model…我们所见的由一位漂亮模特代言的昂贵化妆品
  • I suggest you leave it to an expert…我建议你把它留给专家来解决。
  • Bring a sleeping bag…带只睡袋。
  • I was waiting for a bus.我在等公共汽车。

3.DET 限定词(用于前加形容词或后加修饰语的不可数名词之前)一(种) You use a or an in front of an uncount noun when that noun follows an adjective, or when the noun is followed by words that describe it more fully.

【搭配模式】:DET n-uncount with supp
  • There waa terrible sadness in her eyes…她眼神中流露出深深的悲伤。
  • He did have a real knowledge of the country…他对该国的确知之甚多。
  • Baseball movies have gained aappreciation that far outstrips those dealing with any other sport.以棒球为主题的电影获得的青睐远远超过了其他体育类电影。

4.DET 限定词(用于物质名词前)一(类),一(种) You use a or an in front of a mass noun when you want to refer to a single type or make of something.

【搭配模式】:DET n-mass
  • Bollinger ‘RD’ is a rare, highly prized wine.博林格RD香槟是一种名贵的备受推崇的葡萄酒。

5.DET 限定词(用于表示数量的词组中)许多/少许/一点 You use a in quantifiers such as a lot ,a little, and a bit.

【搭配模式】:DET in quant
  • I spend a lot on expensive jewelry and clothing…我花很多钱购买昂贵的首饰和衣服。
  • I’ve come looking for a bit of advice.我特来讨教。

6.DET 限定词(一类人或事物中典型的)一(个) You use a or an to refer to someone or something as a typical member of a group, class, or type.

【搭配模式】:DET sing-n
  • Some parents believe a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.有些父母认为男孩子必须学会像男子汉一样顶天立地,勇于抗争。
  • …the operation a patient has had.病人做过的手术

7.DET 限定词(用于日子、月份或节日的名称之前以表示特例)一个 You use a or an in front of the names of days, months, or festivals when you are referring to one particular instance of that day, month, or festival.

【搭配模式】:DET sing-n
  • The interview took place on a Fridaafternoon…采访是在一个星期五的下午进行的。
  • It waa Christmas when shoppers passed by expensive silks in favor of more practical gifts.这是一个购物者不理会昂贵的丝绸衣服而热衷于更实用礼物的圣诞节。

8.DET 限定词(从事某一职业的)一(位),一(名) You use a or an when you are saying what someone is or what job they have.

【搭配模式】:DET sing-n
  • I explained that I waaartist…我解释说自己是个艺术家。
  • He was now a teacher and a respectable member of the community.他现在是一位教师,并且是社区内受人尊敬的一员。

9.DET 限定词(用于不为说话人所知的首次提到的人名前)某一(个) You use a or an in front of the names of people as a way of indicating that you do not know them or anything about them and you are saying their name for the first time.

【搭配模式】:DET n-proper
  • The full address on a stick-on label was that of a Mrs P. R. Slater of Peterborough…不干胶标签上的完整地址写的是彼得伯勒的一位P. R. 斯莱特太太。
  • A Dr Matthew Owens was reported missing while on an expedition to north-eastern Turkey.据报道,一位叫马修·欧文斯的博士在前往土耳其东北部考察的途中失踪了。

10.DET 限定词(用于人名前,表示与该人有相同特性或品质)类似…的一个(或一位) You use a or an in front of the names of people when you want to refer to someone else who has the same qualities or character as the person named.

【搭配模式】:DET n-proper
  • When I listen to her play I can heaa new Nigel Kennedy.从她的演奏中我听出了新一代的奈杰尔·肯尼迪。

11.DET 限定词(用于姓氏前,表示某人属于某姓氏家族)一位姓…的人 You use a or an in front of a surname when you want to refer to someone who belongs to the family with that surname.

【搭配模式】:DET n-proper
  • As faas I can recall, Patti waa Smith.我记得帕蒂是姓史密斯的。

12.DET 限定词(用于艺术家名字前)一幅…的画,一件…的雕塑作品 You use a or an in front of the names of artists to refer to one individual painting or sculpture created by them.

【搭配模式】:DET n-proper
  • Most people have very little difficulty in seeing why a Van Gogh is a work of genius.多数人不难理解为什么凡·高的作品是天才之作。

13.DET 限定词(代替数字one使用,尤用于hundred,hour和metre等表示度量的单词之前以及half, quarter和third等分数之前) You use a or an instead of the number ‘one’, especially with words of measurement such as ‘hundred’, ‘hour’, and ‘metre’, and with fractions such as ‘half’, ‘quarter’, and ‘third’.

【搭配模式】:DET sing-n
  • …more thaa thousand acres of land.1,000多英亩地
  • a quarter of an hour…一刻钟
  • The skirts were shortened an inch or two.这些裙子被改短了一两英寸。

14.DET 限定词(用于表示比率的短语中)每一 You use a or an in expressions such as eight hours a day to express a rate or ratio.

【搭配模式】:num DET sing-n
  • Prices start at £13.95 a metre for printed cotton…印花棉布以每米13.95英镑的价格起售。
  • The helicopter can zip along aabout 150 kilometres an hour.该直升机能以每小时150公里左右的速度疾进。
/ə/ /ˈeɪ/  indefinite article
or an /ən/ /ˈæn/
◊ A is used before a consonant sound.*a用于辅音之前。
An is used before a vowel sound.*an用于元音之前。
Note that when a word begins with a vowel letter but is pronounced with a consonant sound, a is used.注意:当单词首字母是元音字母但其发音为辅音时,用a。
When an abbreviation begins with a consonant letter but is pronounced with a vowel sound, an is used.当缩略词首字母是辅音字母但其发音为元音时,用an。
When a word begins with h but the first syllable of the word is not given primary stress, both a and an are used.当单词以h开头,但该单词的首音节非重读时,a和an都可用。
1 — used before singular nouns when the person or thing is being mentioned for the first time用于首次被提及的单数名词前

— used like one before number words like hundred, thousand, etc.用于hundred、thousand等数词前,用法同one

— used like one before number words like third, fortieth, etc.用于third、fortieth等序数词前,用法同one

— used like one before units of weight, measurement, etc.用于计量单位前,用法同one

: one single : even one — used in negative constructions一个,单个(用于否定结构)

— used before a word or phrase that indicates a type or class of person or thing用于表示一类人或一类事物的单词或短语前

— often used before noncount nouns that are modified by an adjective or phrase常用于由形容词或短语修饰的不可数名词前

— used like any to refer in a general way to people or things用于泛指人或事物,用法同any

— used before a proper noun to indicate limited knowledge about the person or thing being mentioned用于专有名词前,表示对提及的人或事物所知有限

— used before a proper noun that is acting as an example or type用于充当例证或典型的专有名词前

— used before the name of a day of the week to refer to one occurrence of it用于一星期中某天的名称前,以提及当天发生的某件事情

— used before the name of a person (such as a famous artist) when the name is being used to refer to something (such as a painting) created by that person用于人名前,指此人的作品

— used before a family name to show that someone is a member of that family用于姓氏前,表示某人为此家庭的一员

8 — used before a proper noun referring to a person or thing that has a particular quality用于专有名词前,表示某人或某物具有某种特殊品质

9 — used with words like bit and little to form phrases that describe quantity, amount, or degree与bit、little等单词连用构成短语,表数量、程度等

10  — used in phrases that describe how often something occurs, how fast something is going, etc.用于表示频率、快慢等的短语

 

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